Selected derivatives of K-252a

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are selected indolocarbazole derivatives which are represented by the general formula: 
                 
 
     The compounds are useful for enhancing the function and/or survival of a trophic factor responsive cell. They inhibit interleukin-2 production and have immunosuppressive activity.

This application is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 08/867,084 filed Jun. 2, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,306,849, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/657,366 filed Jun. 3, 1996, now abandoned.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention features selected ring-substituted derivatives of K-252a and their use for treatment of neurological disorders.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

K-252a is a compound having an indolocarbazole skeleton represented by the following formula [Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 41489/85 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,555,402)].

It has been reported that K-252a strongly inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) which plays a central role in regulating cell functions, and has various activities such as the action of inhibiting smooth muscle contraction (Jpn. 3. Pharmacol. 43(suppl.): 284, 1987), the action of inhibiting serotonin secretion (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 144: 35, 1987), the action of inhibiting elongation of neuraxone (J. Neuroscience, 8: 715, 1988), the action of inhibiting histamine release (Allergy, 43: 100, 1988), the action of inhibiting smooth muscle MLCK (1. Biol. Chem., 263: 6215, 1988), anti-inflammatory action (Acta Physiol. Hung., 80: 423, 1992), the activity of cell survival (J. Neurochemistry, 64: 1502, 1995), etc. It has also been disclosed in Experimental Cell Research, 193: 175-182, 1991 that K-252a has the activity of inhibiting IL-2 production. Also the complete synthesis of K-252a has been achieved (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117: 10413, 1995).

On the other hand, it has been disclosed that derivatives of K-252a have PKC inhibitory activity, the activity of inhibiting histamine release (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88), antitumor activity [Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 168689/89 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,877,776), WO 88/07045 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,986)] etc., the action of increasing blood platelets [WO94/06799 (EP 630898A)], vasodepressor activity (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 120388/87), the action of accelerating cholinergic neuron functions [WO 94/02488 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,146)], curative effect on prostate cancer [WO 94/27982 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,771)], etc.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to selected derivatives of K-252a represented by the general formula:

Constituent members are disclosed in detail, infra. Preferred methods for preparing these compounds and methods for using them are also disclosed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 and 3 depict the structure of the substituted K-252a derivatives of the invention.

FIG. 2 depicts the structure of K-252a.

FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing showing the synthesis of a ring-substituted K-252a derivative from a ring-unsubstituted starting material.

FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing showing the synthesis of a compound which contains at least one —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² or —CH═CH(CH₂)_(t)R¹⁸ ring substituent.

FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing showing the synthesis of a compound which contains at least one —CH═CH(CH₂)_(n)R¹³ or —CH═CH(CH₂)_(u)R¹⁹ ring substituent.

FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing showing the synthesis of a compound which contains at least one —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷ or —(CH₂)_(r)R¹⁷ ring substituent.

FIG. 8 is a schematic drawing showing the synthesis of a compound which contains a halogen or nitro ring substituent.

FIG. 9 depicts the structures of certain known K-252a derivatives which are used as starting materials to prepare compounds of the invention.

II. SELECTED RING-SUBSTITUTED K-252A DERIVATIVES

Disclosed herein are the selected ring-substituted derivatives of K-252a which are represented by the following formula:

-   -   wherein:     -   one of R¹ and R² is selected from the group consisting of:         -   a) —CO(CH₂)_(j)R⁴, wherein j is 1 to 6, and R⁴ is selected             from the group consisting of:             -   1) hydrogen and a halogen;             -   2) —NR⁵R⁶, wherein R⁵ and R⁶ independently are hydrogen,                 substituted lower alkyl, unsubstituted lower alkyl,                 substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted                 heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted                 aralkyl, unsubstituted aralkyl, lower                 alkylaminocarbonyl, or lower alkoxycarbonyl; or R⁵ and                 R⁶ are combined with a nitrogen atom to form a                 heterocyclic group;             -   3) N₃;             -   4) —SR²⁷, wherein R²⁷ is selected from the group                 consisting of:                 -   i) hydrogen;                 -   ii) substituted lower alkyl;                 -   iii) unsubstituted lower alkyl;                 -   iv) substituted aryl;                 -   v) unsubstituted aryl;                 -   vi) substituted heteroaryl;                 -   vii) unsubstituted heteroaryl;                 -   viii) substituted aralkyl;                 -   ix) unsubstituted aralkyl;                 -   x) thiazolinyl;                 -   xi) —(CH₂)_(a)CO₂R²⁸, wherein a is 1 or 2, and R²⁸                     is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen                     and lower alkyl; and                 -   xii) —(CH₂)_(a)CONR⁵R⁶; and             -   5) OR²⁹ (wherein R²⁹ is hydrogen, substituted lower                 alkyl, unsubstituted lower alkyl, or COR³⁰ (wherein R³⁰                 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted aryl,                 unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or                 unsubstituted heteroaryl));         -   b) —CH(OH)(CH₂)_(b)R^(4A), wherein b is 1 to 6 and R^(4A) is             hydrogen or the same as R⁴;         -   c) —(CH₂)_(d)CHR³¹CO₂R³² wherein d is 0 to 5, R³¹ is             hydrogen, —CONR⁵R⁶, or —CO₂R³³ (wherein R³³ is hydrogen or             lower alkyl), and R³² is hydrogen or lower alkyl;         -   d) —(CH₂)_(d)CHR³¹CONR⁵R⁶;         -   e) —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷ wherein k is 2 to 6, and R⁷ is halogen,             CO₂R⁸ (wherein R⁸ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted             aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or             unsubstituted heteroaryl), CONR⁵R⁶, substituted aryl,             unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted             heteroaryl, OR⁹ (wherein R⁹ is hydrogen, substituted lower             alkyl, unsubstituted lower alkyl, acyl, substituted aryl, or             unsubstituted aryl), SR^(27B) (wherein R^(27B) is the same             as R²⁷), NR¹⁰R¹¹ (wherein R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are the same as R⁵ and             R⁶) or N₃;         -   f) —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² wherein m is 0 to 4, and R¹² is             hydrogen, lower alkyl, CO₂R^(8A) (wherein R^(8A) is the same             as R⁸), —CONR⁵R⁶, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl,             substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR^(9A)             (wherein R^(9A) is the same as R⁹), or NR^(10A)R^(11A)             (wherein R^(10A) and R^(11A) are the same as R⁵ and R⁶);         -   g) _CH═C(CO₂R^(33A)), wherein R^(33A) is the same as R³³;         -   h) —C≡C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³, wherein n is 0 to 4, and R¹³ is the             same as R¹²;         -   i) —CH₂ OR⁴⁴, wherein R⁴⁴ is substituted lower alkyl;     -   and the other of R¹ or R² is selected from the group consisting         of         -   j) hydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, acyl, nitro, NR¹⁴R¹⁵             (wherein R¹⁴ or R¹⁵ is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and the             other is hydrogen, lower alkyl, acyl, carbamoyl, lower             alkylaminocarbonyl, substituted arylaminocarbonyl or             unsubstituted arylaminocarbonyl);         -   k) —CH(SR³⁴)₂, wherein R³⁴ is lower alkyl or alkylene;         -   l) —CH₂R³⁵, wherein R³⁵ is OR³⁶ (wherein R³⁶ is tri-lower             alkyl silyl in which the three lower alkyl groups are the             same or different, or is the same as R²⁹), or SR³⁷ (wherein             R³⁷ is the same as R²⁷);         -   m) —CO(CH₂)_(q)R¹⁶, wherein q is 1 to 6, and R¹⁶ is the same             as R⁴;         -   n) —CH(OH)(CH₂)_(c)R³⁸, wherein e is 1 to 6, and R³⁷ is the             same as R^(4A);         -   o) —(CH₂)_(f)CHR³⁹CO₂R⁴⁰, wherein f is 0 to 5, R³⁹ is the             same as R³¹ and R⁴⁰ is the same as R³²;         -   p) —(CH₂)_(r)R¹⁷, wherein r is 2 to 6, and R¹⁷ is the same             as R⁷;         -   q) —CH═CH(CH₂)_(t)NR¹⁸, wherein t is 0 to 4, and R¹⁸ is the             sane as R¹²;         -   r) —CH═C(CO₂R^(33B))₂, wherein R^(33B) is the same as R³³;         -   s) —C≡C(CH₂)_(u)R¹⁹, wherein u is 0 to 4, and R¹⁹ is the             same as R¹³);     -   R³ is hydrogen, acyl, or lower alkyl;     -   X is selected from the group consisting of:         -   a) hydrogen;         -   b) formyl;         -   c) lower alkoxycarbonyl;         -   d) —CONR²⁰R²¹, wherein:         -   R²⁰ and R²¹ independently are:             -   hydrogen;             -   lower alkyl;             -   —CH₂R²², wherein R²² is hydroxy, or             -   —NR²³R²⁴ (wherein R²³ or R²⁴ is hydrogen or lower alkyl,                 and the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or the residue                 of an α-amino acid in which the hydroxy group of the                 carboxyl group is excluded, or R²³ and R²⁴ are combined                 with a nitrogen atom to form a heterocyclic group); and         -   e) —CH═N—R²⁵, wherein R²⁵ is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino,             guanidino, or imidazolylamino;     -   Y is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, aralkyloxy, or acyloxy; or     -   X and Y combined represent, —X—Y—, ═O, —CH₂O(C═O)O—,         —CH₂C(═S)O—, —CH₂NR²⁶C(═O) (wherein R²⁶ is hydrogen or lower         alkyl), —CH₂NHC(═S)O—, —CH₂OS(O)O—, or —CH₂OC(CH₃)₂O—; and     -   W¹ and W² are hydrogen, or W¹ and W² together represent oxygen;         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The compounds represented by formula (I) are hereinafter referred to as Compound (I), and the same applies to the compounds of other formula numbers.

In the definitions of the groups in formula (I), lower alkyl means a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isoamyl, neopentyl 1-ethylpropyl and hexyl. The lower alkyl moiety of lower alkoxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkylaminocarbonyl and td-lower alkylsilyl has the same meaning as lower alkyl defined above. The acyl moiety of the acyl and the acyloxy groups means a straight-chain or branched alkanoyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as formyl acetyl, propanoyl, butyryl, valeryl, pivaloyl and hexanoyl, an arylcarbonyl group described below, or a heteroarylcarbonyl group described below. The aryl moiety of the aryl, the arylcarbonyl and the arylaminocarbonyl groups means a group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as phenyl, biphenyl and naphthyl. The heteroaryl moiety of the heteroaryl and the heteroarylcarbonyl groups contain at least one hetero atom selected from O, S, and N, and include pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrrolyl, furyl thienyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoimidazolyl, thiazolyl and benzothiazolyl. The aralkyl moiety of the aralkyl and the aralkyloxy groups means an aralkyl group having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, such as benzyl, phenethyl benzhydryl and naphthylmethyl. The substituted lower alkyl group has 1 to 3 independently-selected substituents, such as hydroxy, lower alkoxy, carboxyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, amino, mono- or di-lower alkylamino, dioxolane, dioxane, dithiolane, and dithione. The lower alkyl moiety of the substituted lower alkyl, and the lower alkyl moiety of the lower alkoxy, the lower alkoxycarbonyl, and the mono- or di-lower alkylamino in the substituents of the substituted lower alkyl group have the same meaning as lower alkyl defined above. The substituted aryl, the substituted heteroaryl and the substituted aralkyl groups each has 1 to 3 independently-selected substituents, such as lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, amino, mono- or di-lower alkylamino, and halogen. The lower alkyl moiety of the lower alky, the lower alkoxy, the lower alkoxycarbonyl, and the mono- or di-lower alkylamino groups among the substituents has the same meaning as lower alkyl defined above. The heterocyclic group formed with a nitrogen atom includes pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperidino, morpholinyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, N-methylpiperazinyl, indolyl, and isoindolyl. The α-amino acid groups include glycine, alanine, proline, glutamic acid and lysine, which may be in the L-form, the D-form or in the form of a racemate. Halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

Preferably, one of R¹ and R² is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷, —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹², —C≡C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³, —CO(CH₂)_(j)SR²⁷, and —CH₂OR⁴⁴ wherein R⁴⁴ is methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, or methoxyethyl; and the other of R¹ and R² is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)_(t)R¹⁷, —CH═CH(CH₂)_(t)R¹⁸, —C≡C(CH₂)_(u)R¹⁹, NR¹⁴R¹⁵, hydrogen, halogen, nitro, —CH₂O-(substituted or unsubstituted) lower alky, —CO(CH)_(q)SR²⁷—CH₂R³⁵, —CH₂OH, and —CH₂SR³⁷ wherein R³⁷ is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, pyridyl, and benzimidazole.

Preferably, R³⁵ is OR³⁶ wherein R³⁶, preferably, is selected from the group consisting of methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, and methoxyethyl.

Preferably, R²⁷ is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazole, and tetrazole.

Preferably, k and r, independently, are each 2, 3, or 4.

Preferably, j and q, independently, are 1 or 2.

Preferably, R⁷ and R¹⁷, independently, are selected from the group consisting of (1) CO₂R⁸ and CO₂R^(8A), where R⁸ and R^(8A), independently, are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or phenyl; (2) phenyl, pyridyl imidazolyl, thiazolyl, or tetrazolyl; (3) OR⁹ and OR^(9A) where R⁹ and R^(9A), independently, are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or acyl; (4) SR^(27B) where R^(27B) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted lower alkyl, 2-thiazoline, and pyridyl; and (5) NR¹⁰R¹¹ and NR¹⁴R¹³, where R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹⁴, and R¹⁵, independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, carbamoyl, and lower alkylaminocarbonyl.

Preferably, m, n, t and u, independently, are 0 or 1.

Preferably, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹, independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, pyridyl, imidazole, thiazole, tetrazole, CO₂R⁸, OR⁹, and NR¹⁰R¹¹ where R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ have the preferred values shown above.

Preferably, R³ is hydrogen or acetyl, most preferably hydrogen.

Preferably, X is hydroxymethyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl with methoxycarbonyl being particulary preferred.

Preferably, Y is hydroxy or acetyloxy, most preferably hydroxy.

Preferably, each W¹ and W³ is hydrogen.

More preferred are the actual substituent values shown on the compounds in Table 1, with Compounds 1-157 being especially preferred.

III. Utilities

The selected ring substituted K-252a derivatives have evidenced important functional pharmaceutical activities which find utility in a variety of settings, including both research and therapeutic arenas. Generally, the activities of the compounds show positive effects on the function and/or survival of trophic factor responsive cells.

Effects on the function and/or survival of trophic factor responsive cells, e.g., cells of a normal lineage, can be established using any of the following assays: (1) cultured spinal cord choline acetyltransferase (“ChAT”) assay; or (2) cultured basal forebrain neuron (“BFN”) ChAT activity assay.

As used herein, the terms “enhance” or “enhancing” when used to modify the terms “function” and “survival” means a positive or negative or change. An effect which is positive can be referred to herein as an “enhancement” or “enhancing” and an effect which is negative can be referred to herein as “inhibition” or “inhibiting”.

As used herein, the terms “enhance” or “enhancing” when used to modify the terms “function” or survival means that the presence of a substituted K-252a derivative has a positive effect on the function and/or survival of a trophic factor responsive cell and with a cell in the absence of a derivative. For example, and not by way of limitation, with respect to the survival of, e.g., a cholinergic neuror, the derivative would evidence enhancement of survival of a cholinergic neuronal population on at risk of dying (due to. e.g., injury, a disease condition, a degenerative condition or natural progression) when compared to a cholinergic neuronal population not presented with such derivative, if the treated population has a comparatively greater period of functionality than the non-treated population.

As used herein, “inhibit” and “inhibition” mean that a specified response of a designated material (e.g., enzymatic activity) is comparatively decreased in the presence of a substituted K-252a derivative.

As used herein the term “neuron,” “cell of neuronal lineage” and “neuronal cell” includes, but is not limited to, a heterogeneous population of neuronal types having singular or multiple transmitters and/or singular or multiple functions; preferably, these are cholinergic and sensory neurons. As used herein, the phrase “cholinergic neuron” means neurons of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) whose neurotransmitter is acetylcholine; exemplary are basal forebrain, striatal, and spinal cord neurons. As used herein, the phrase “sensory neuron” includes neurons responsive to environmental cues (e.g., temperature, movement) from, e.g., skin, muscle and joints; exemplary is a neuron from the dorsal root ganglion.

A “trophic factor-responsive cell,” as defined herein, is a cell which includes a receptor to which a trophic factor can specifically bind, examples include neurons (e.g., cholinergic and sensory neurons) and non-neuronal cells (e.g., monocytes and neoplastic cells).

The disclosed aromatic ring substituted K-252a derivatives can be used to enhance the function and/or survival of cells of neuronal lineage. They can also be used to enhance the function and/or survival of cells of neuronal lineage in a mammal e.g., a human. In these contexts, the derivatives can be utilized individually or with other derivatives, or in combination with other beneficial molecules which also evidence the ability to effect the function and/or survival of a designated cell.

A variety of neurological disorders are characterized by neuronal cells which are dying, injured, functionally comprised, undergoing axonal degeneration, at risk of dying, etc. These disorders include, but are not limited to: Alzheimer's disease; motor neuron disorders (e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis); Parkinson's; cerebrovascular disorders (e.g., stroke, ischaemia); Huntington's; AIDS dementia; epilepsy; multiple sclerosis; peripheral neuropathies (e.g., those affecting DRG neurons in chemotherapy-associated peripheral neuropathy) including diabetic neuropathy; disorders induced by excitatory amino acids; disorders associated with concussive or penetrating injuries of the brain or spinal cord.

ChAT catalyzes the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and it is considered an enzymatic marker for a functional cholinergic neuron. A functional neuron is also capable of survival. Neuron survival is assayed by quantitation of the specific uptake and enzymatic conversion of a dye (e.g., calcein AM) by living neurons.

Because of their varied utilities, the K-252a derivatives disclosed herein find utility in a variety of settings. The compounds can be used in the development of in vitro models of neuronal cell survival, function, identification, or for the screening of other synthetic compounds which have activities similar to that of the K-252a derivatives. The compounds can be utilized in a research environment to investigate, define and determine molecular targets associated with functional responses. For example, by radiolabelling a K-252a derivative associated with a specific cellular function (e.g., mitogenesis), the target entity to which the derivative binds can be identified isolated and purified for characterization.

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Compounds (I) include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, metal salts, ammonium salts, organic amine addition salts, and amino acid addition salts. Examples of the acid addition salts are inorganic acid addition salts such as hydrochloride, sulfate and phosphate, and organic acid addition salts such as acetate, maleate, fulminate, tartrate, citrate and lactate; examples of the metal salts are alkali metal salts such as lithium salt, sodium salt and potassium salt, alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salt and calcium salt, aluminum salt, and zinc salt; examples of the ammonium salts are ammonium salt and tetramethylammonium salt; examples of the organic amine addition salts are salts with morpholine and piperidine; and examples of the amino acid addition salts are salts with glycine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid and lysine.

Compounds provided herein can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions by admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable nontoxic excipients and carriers. Such compositions can be prepared for use in parenteral administration, particularly in the form of liquid solutions or suspensions; or oral administration, particularly in the form of tablets or capsules, or intranasally, particularly in the form of powders, nasal drops, or aerosols; or dermally, via, for example, trans-dermal patches.

The composition can be conveniently administered in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmaceutical art, for example, as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Pub. Co., Easton, Pa., 1980). Formulations for parenteral administration may contain as common excipients sterile water or saline, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, oils and vegetable origin, hydrogenated naphthalenes and the like. In particular, biocompatible, biodegradable lactide polymer, lactide/glycolide copolymer, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers may be useful excipients to control the release of the active compounds. Other potentially useful parenteral delivery systems for these active compounds include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer particles, osmotic pumps, implantable infusion systems, and liposomes. Formulations for inhalation administration contain as excipients, for example, lactose, or may be aqueous solutions containing, for example, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, glycocholate and deoxycholate, or oily solutions for administration in the form of nasal drops, or as a gel to be applied intranasally. Formulations for parenteral administration may also include glycocholate for buccal administration, a salicylate for red to n, or citric acid for vaginal administration. Formulations for trans-dermal patches are preferably lipophilic emulsions.

The compounds of this invention can be employed as the sole active agent in a pharmaceutical composition. Alternatively, they can be used in combination with other active ingredients, e.g., other growth factors which facilitate neuronal survival or axonal regeneration in diseases or disorders.

Compound (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be administered orally or non-orally, e.g., as an ointment or an injection. The concentrations of the compounds of this invention in a therapeutic composition can vary. The concentration will depend upon factors such as the total dosage of the drug to be administered, the chemical characteristics (e.g., hydrophobicity) of the compounds employed, the route of administration, the age, body weight and symptoms of a patient etc. The compounds of this invention typically are provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing about 0.1 to 10% w/v compound for parenteral administration. Typical dose ranges are from about 1 kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day; a preferred dose range is from about 0.01 mg/g to 100 mg/kg of body weight per day, and preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg/kg once to four times per day. A preferred dosage of drug to be administered is likely to depend on variables such as the type and extent of progression of the disease or disorder, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the compound selected, and formulation of the compound excipient, and its route of administration.

Compound (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be administered as they are, or in the form of various pharmaceutical compositions, according to the pharmacological activity and the purpose of administration. The pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with the present invention can be prepared by uniformly mixing an effective amount of Compound (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active ingredient, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The carrier may take a wide range of forms according to the forms of composition suitable for administration. It is desired that such pharmaceutical compositions are prepared in a unit dose form suitable for oral or non-oral administration. The forms for non-oral administration include ointment and injection.

Tablets can be prepared using excipients such as lactose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol and methyl cellulose, disintegrating agents such as starch, sodium alginate, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose and crystalline cellulose, lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc, binders such as gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose and methyl cellulose, surfactants such as sucrose fatty acid ester and sorbitol fatty acid ester, and the like in a conventional manner. It is preferred that each tablet contains 15-300 mg of the active ingredient.

Granules can be prepared using excipients such as lactose and sucrose, disintegrating agents such as starch, binders such as gelatin, and the like in a conventional manner. Powders can be prepared using excipients such as lactose and mannitol, and the like in a conventional manner. Capsules can be prepared using gelatin, water, sucrose, gum arabic, sorbitol, glycerin, crystaline cellulose, magnesium stearate, talc, and the like in a conventional manner. It is preferred that each capsule contains 15-300 mg of the active ingredient.

Syrup preparations can be prepared using sugars such as sucrose, water, ethanol, and the like in a conventional manner.

Ointment can be prepared using ointment bases such as vaseline, liquid paraffin, lanolin and macrogol, emulsifiers such as sodium lauryl lactate, benzalkonium chloride, sorbitan mono-fatty acid ester, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and gum arabic, and the like in a conventional manner.

Injectable preparations can be prepared using solvents such as water, physiological saline, vegetable oils (e.g., olive oil and peanut oil), ethyl oleate and propylene glycol, solubilizing agents such as sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate and urethane, isotonicity agents such as sodium chloride and glucose, preservatives such as phenol, cresol, p-hydroxybenzoic ester and chlorobutanol, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and sodium pyrosulfite, and the like in a conventional manner.

IV. General Description of the Synthetic Processes

The processes for preparing Compound (I) are described below.

Me, Et, Ph, Ac, Bn, Boc, and t-Bu in the structural formulae and tables represent methyl, ethyl, phenyl, acetyl, benzyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, and tert-butyl, respectively.

The compounds of the present invention can be usually obtained from optically active K-252a as the starting compound, but all possible stereoisomers and their mixtures are also within the scope of the present invention.

In the processes shown below, if the defined groups are converted under the conditions of the processes or are not suitable for carrying out the processes, the desired compounds can be obtained by employing means for introduction or elimination of protective groups conventionally used in organic synthetic chemistry. [See, e.g. T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons Inc. (1981)] Oxidation, reduction, addition, elimination, condensation, or hydrolysis, which is conventionally used in organic synthetic chemistry, may be carried out, and if necessary, the order of the reaction steps for the introduction of substituents, and the like, may be varied. Further, conversion of the functional groups may be carried out more than one time.

Process 1

Compound (I-1), i.e., Compound (I) wherein at least one of R¹ and R² is —CO(CH₂)R⁴ (wherein j and R⁴ have the same significances as defined above), can be prepared according to the following reaction steps:

[In the formula R³, W¹, W², X and Y have the same significance as defined above, and at least one of R^(1a) and R^(2a) is —CO(CH₂)_(j)R⁴ (wherein j and R⁴ have the same significances as defined above above).] Step 1-1:

Compound (I-1a), i.e., Compound (I-1) wherein R⁴ is halogen, can be obtained by subjecting Compound (II) which is a known compound described below to the Friedel-Crafts reaction with Compound (III) represented by formula (III): R^(4a)—(CH₂)_(j)CO-Hal  (III) (wherein j has the same significance as defined above; R^(4a) is halogen as defined above; and Hal is chlorine or bromine) or acryloyl(chloride in a solvent such as methylene chloride and chloroform in the presence of a Lewis acid such as aluminum chloride.

Compound (III) and the Lewis acid are respectively used in an amount of 1 to 20 equivalents based on Compound (II). The reaction is usually carried out at 0 to 80° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

The starting Compound (II) can be prepared according to the processes disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Applications Nos. 295588/88, 295589/88 and 807045/88.

Step 1-2:

Compound (I-1b), i.e., Compound (I-1) wherein R⁴ is NR⁵R⁶ (wherein R⁵ and R⁶ have the same significances as defined above), N₃, OR²⁹ (wherein R²⁹ has the same significance as defined above) or SR²⁷ (wherein R²⁷ has the same significance as defined above) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (I-1a) to reaction with a metallic salt of Compound (IVa) represented by formula (IVa): HNR⁵R⁶  (IVa) (wherein R⁵ and R⁶ have the same significances as defined above), sodium azide, Compound (IVb) represented by formula (IVb): R²⁹OH  (IVb) (wherein R²⁹ has the same significance as defined above), or Compound (IVc) represented by formula (IVc): R²⁷SH  (IVc) (wherein R²⁷ has the same significance as defined above) in a solvent such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide, or reaction with Compound (IVa), (IVb) or (IVc) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate and triethylamine.

Compound (IVa), sodium azide, Compound (IVb), Compound (IVc) or a metallic salt thereof is used in an amount of 1 equivalent to excess amount based on Compound (I-1a), preferably 1 to 20 equivalents based on Compound (I-1a). A base is used in an amount of 1 to 20 equivalents. The reaction is usually carried out at 0 to 100° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

Process 2

Compound (I-2), i.e., Compound (I) wherein at least one of R¹ and R² is —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above) or —CH═C(CO₂R^(33A))₂ (wherein R^(33A) has the same significance as defined above) can be prepared according to the following reaction steps:

[In the formulae, R³, W¹, W², X and Y have the same significances as defined above; at least one of R^(B1) and R^(B2) is formyl, hydroxymethyl, halogen or —C≡C(CH₂)_(m)R¹² (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above); and at least one of R^(1b) and R^(2b) is —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as deed above) or —CH═C(CO₂R^(33A))₂ (wherein R^(33A) has the same significance as defined above).] Step 2-1:

Compound (I-2) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (Va) wherein at least one of R^(B1) and R^(B2) is formyl to reaction with Compound (VIa) represented by formula (VIa): (Ph)₃P═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹²  (VIa) (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above; and Ph is phenyl) in a solvent such as methylene chloride and chloroform. Alternatively, Compound (I-2) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (Va) to reaction with Compound (VIb) represented by formula (VIb): (Ph)₃P⁺CH₂(CH₂)_(m)R¹²Hal⁻  (VIb) (wherein m, R¹², Ph and Hal have the same significances as defined above) in a solvent such as methylene chloride and chloroform in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate and butyllithium. When a base which has poor solubility in the solvent, e.g. potassium carbonate, is used, the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst such as 18-crown-6.

Compound (VIa), Compound (VIb) and the base are respectively used in an amount of 1 to 20 equivalents based on Compound (Va), and the phase transfer catalyst is used in an amount of 0.01 to 1 equivalent based on Compound (Va). The reaction is usually carried out at −10 to 100° C. for 1 to 100 hours.

Compound (Va) can be prepared according to the process disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88.

Step 2-2:

Compound (I-2) can be obtained by subjecting a phosphonium salt obtained from Compound (Vb) wherein at least one of R^(B1) and R^(B2) is hydroxymethyl and triphenylphosphine hydrobromide to reaction with Compound (VIc) represented by formula (VIc): R¹²(CH₂)_(n)CHO  (VIc) (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above) in a solvent such as methylene chloride in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate and butyllithium. Compound (Vb) can be prepared according to the processes disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88, WO94/02488, etc. When a base which has poor solubility in the solvent, e.g. potassium carbonate, is used, the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst such as 18-crown-6.

Each of Compound (VIc) and the base is used in an amount of 1 to 20 equivalents based on the phosphonium salt (Vb), and the phase transfer catalyst is used in an amount of 0.01 to 1 equivalent based on the phosphonium salt (Vb). The reaction is usually carried out at −10 to 100° C. for 1 to 100 hours.

Step 2-3:

Compound (I-2) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (Vc) wherein at least one of R^(B1) and R^(B2) is halogen to Heck reaction with Compound (VId) represented by formula (VId): H₂C═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹²  (VId) (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above) in a solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of a palladium compound such as palladium (II) acetate and bistriphenylphosphine parallium (II) chloride, a phosphorus compound such as triphenylphosphine and tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphine and a base such as triethylamine.

Based on Compound (Vc), Compound (VId) is used in an amount of 1 to 40 equivalents, each of the palladium compound and phosphorus compound is used in an amount of 0.1 to 5 equivalents based on Compound (Vc), and the base is used in an amount of 1 to 500 equivalents. When the palladium compound used contains a phosphorus compound as a ligand as in the case of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) chloride, it is sometimes unnecessary to add the phosphorus compound. The reaction is usually carried out at 0 to 100° C. for 1 to 10 hours.

Step 2-4:

Compound (I-2) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (I-3) synthesized according to Step 3 described below to catalytic reduction in a solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide in a stream of hydrogen in the presence of a reduction catalyst such as palladium/carbon.

The reduction catalyst is used in an amount of 10 to 100% by weight based on Compound (I-3). The reaction is usually carried out at 0 to 100° C. for 1 to 72 hours.

Step 2-5:

Compound (I-2) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (Va) to reaction with a compound represented by formula (VIe): CH₂(CO₂R^(33A))  (VIe) (wherein R^(33A) has the same significance as defined above) in a solvent such as chloroform and methylene chloride in the presence of a base such as piperidine.

Compound (VIe) is used in an amount of 1 to 40 equivalents based on Compound (Va), and the base is used in an amount of 0.1 equivalent based on Compound (Va) to an amount equivalent to the solvent. The reaction is usually carried out at 20 to 100° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

Process 3

Compound (I-3), i.e., Compound (I) wherein at least one of R¹ and R² is —C═C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³ (wherein n and R¹³ have the same significances as defined above), can be prepared according to the following reaction steps:

[In the formulae, R³, W¹, W², X and Y have the same significances as defined above; at least one of R^(C1) and R^(C2) is iodine; and at least one of R^(1c) and R^(2c) is —C═C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³ (wherein n and R¹³ have the same significances as defined above).] Step 3:

Compound (I-3) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (VII) to the Sonogasira reaction with Compound (VIII) represented by formula (VIII): HC═C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³  (VIII) (wherein n and R¹³ have the same significances as defined above) in a solvent such as methylene chloride and chloroform in the presence of a copper compound such as cuprous iodide, a palladium compound such as palladium(II) acetate and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride, a phosphorus compound such as triphenylphosphine, and a base such as diethylamine and triethylamine.

Compound (VIII) is used in an amount of 1 to 40 equivalents based on Compound (VII), the copper compound, the palladium compound and the phosphorus compound are respectively used in an amount of 0.1 to 5 equivalents, and the base is used in an amount of 1 to 500 equivalents. When the palladium compound contains the phosphorus compound as a ligand as in the case of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride, it is not necessary to add the phosphorus compound. The reaction is usually carried out at 0 to 100° C. for 1 to 10 hours.

Compound (VII) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (II) to reaction with iodine in a solvent such as methylene chloride/methanol mixture (4/1) in the presence of a mercury compound such as mercuric nitrate and mercuric chloride. The mercury compound and iodine are respectively used in an amount of 1 to 3 equivalents based on Compound (III). The reaction is usually carried out at 0 to 50° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

Process 4

Compound (I-4), i.e., Compound (I) wherein at least one of R¹ and R² is —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷ (wherein k and R⁷ have the same significances as defined above) or —CH₂CH(CO₂R^(33A))₂ (wherein R^(33A) has the same significance as defined above), can be prepared according to the following reaction steps:

[In the formulae, R^(1b), R^(2b), R^(1c), R^(2c), R³, W¹, W², X and Y have the same significances as defined above; and at least one of R^(1d) and R^(2d) is —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷ (wherein k and R⁷ have the same significances as defined above) or CH₂CH(CO₂R^(33A))₂ (wherein R^(33A) has the same significance as defined above):] Step 4-1:

Compound (I-4) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (I-2) or Compound (I-3) to catalytic reduction in a solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide in a stream of hydrogen in the presence of a reduction catalyst such as 10% palladium/carbon and plutinum oxide.

The reduction catalyst is used in an amount of 10 to 100% (wt/wt) based on Compound (I-2) or Compound (I-3). The reaction is usually carried out at 0 to 100° C. for 1 to 72 hours.

Step 4-2:

Compound (I-4) can be obtained by subjecting Compound (I-1) to reaction with alkylsilane such as ethylsilane in trifluoroacetic acid.

Trifluoroacetic acid is used in an amount equivalent to a solvent for Compound (I-1), and alkylsilane is used in an amount of 1 to 20 equivalents based on Compound (I-1). The reaction is usually carried out at −10 to 20° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

Process 5

Compound (I-5), i.e., Compound (I) wherein either of R¹ and R² is halogen or nitro, can be prepared by subjecting Compound (IX) to the reactions in Steps 1-4 in Processes 1-4 described above. Compound (IX) can be prepared according to the processes described in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Applications Nos. 120388187 and 295588/88.

[in the formulae, R³, W¹, W², X and Y have the same significances as defined above; either of R^(E1) and R^(E2) is halogen or nitro, and the other is hydrogen; and either of R^(1e) and R^(2e) is halogen, nitro or amine, and the other is —CO(CH₂)_(j)R⁴ (wherein j and R⁴ have the same significances as defined above), —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷ (wherein k and R⁷ have the same significances as defined above), —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above), —CH═C(CO₂R^(33B))₂ (wherein R^(33B) has the same significance as defined above) or —C═C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³ (wherein n and R¹³ have the same significances as defined above).] Process 6

Compound (I-6), i.e., Compound (I) wherein either of R¹ and R² is NR¹⁴R¹⁵ (wherein R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ have the same significances as defined above), and the other is —CO(CH₂)_(j)R⁴ (wherein j and R⁴ have the same significances as defined above), —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷ (wherein k and R⁷ have the same significances as defined above), —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above), —CH═C(CO₂R^(33A))₂ (wherein R^(33A) has the same significance as defined above) or C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³ (wherein n and R¹³ have the same significance as defined above), can be prepared from Compound (I-5) wherein either of R^(1e) and R^(2e) is nitro according to the process described in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88.

Process 7

Compound (Ib), i.e., Compound (I) wherein R³ is hydrogen, can also be prepared from Compound (Ia), i.e., Compound (I) wherein R³ is acyl as defined above, according to the process described in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88.

Process 8

Compound (I-7), i.e., Compound (I) wherein at least one of R¹ and R² is —CH(OH)(CH₂)_(b)R^(4A) (wherein b and R^(4A) have the same significances as defined above) can be obtained by reduction of a compound which can be synthesized according to the above Step 1-1 or 1-2, for example, reaction with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in a solvent such as methanol and methanol/chloroform. The reducing agent is used in an amount of 1 to 20 equivalents based on the raw material. The reaction is usually carried out at −10 to 50° C. for 0.5 to 24 hours.

Process 9

Compound (I-8), i.e., Compound (I) wherein either of R¹ and R² is formyl, and the other is —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷ (wherein k and R⁷ have the same significances as defined above), —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above), or —C═C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³ (wherein n and R¹³ have the same significances as defined above), can be prepared according to Processes 2 to 4 after formylation of K-252a derivative (which can be prepared according to the process described in Reference Examples) wherein either of R¹ and R² is hydrogen and the other is bromine or iodine or both R¹ and R² are bromine or iodine.

Process 10

Compound (I-9), i.e., Compound (I) wherein either of R¹ and R² is —CH(SR³⁴)₂ (wherein R³⁴ has the same significance as defined above), and the other is —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷ (wherein k and R⁷ have the same significances as defined above), —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above), or —C═C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³ (wherein n and R¹³ have the same significances as defined above), can be obtained by subjecting Compound (I-8) to reaction with Compound (X) represented by formula (X): R³⁴SH  (X)

-   -   (wherein R³⁴ has the same significance as defined above) in the         presence of an acid catalyst such as BF₃.OEt₂.

Each of Compound (X) and the acid catalyst is used in an amount of 1 to 20 equivalents based on Compound (I-8). The reaction is usually carried out at 0 to 80° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

Process 11

Compound (I-10), i.e., Compound (I) wherein either of R¹ and R² is —CH₂R^(35A) (wherein R^(35A) has the same significance as R³⁵ except tri-lower alkylsilyloxy), and the other is —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷ (wherein k and R⁷ have the same significances as defined above), —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² (wherein m and R¹² have the same significances as defined above), or —C≡C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³ (wherein n and R¹³ have the same significances as defined above), can be obtained by reduction of Compound (I-9) with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride to from a compound wherein either of R¹ and R² is —CH₂OH, and then reaction with Compound (XI) represented by formula (XI): R²⁷SH  (XI) (wherein R²⁷ has the same significance as defined above) or Compound (XII) represented by formula (XII): R²⁹OH  (XII) (wherein R²⁹ has the same significance as defined above) in the presence of an acid catalyst such as camphorsulfonic acid.

The acid catalyst is used in an amount of 0.1 to 5 equivalents base on Compound (I-9), and Compound (XI) or (XII) is used in an amount of 1 to 20 equivalents based on Compound (I-9). The reaction is usually carried out at 0 to 80° C. for 1 to 100 hours.

Conversion of the functional groups in the substituents in R¹ and R² may be carried out according to the above steps or by known methods [see, e.g. R. C. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations (1989)].

For example, conversion of the functional groups can be carried out by reacting Compound (I) containing a leaving group (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine or sulfonyloxy such as methylsulfonyoxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy and p-toluenesulfonyloxy) in R¹ or R² with a nucleophilic reagent such as amine, alcohol, thiol and azide in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate to give new Compound (I).

Alternatively, when Compound (I) contains an azide groups in R¹ or R², the functional groups can be converted into amino groups by using a reducing agent such as triphenylphosphine, or the amino groups can be reacted with lower alkyl isocyanate or di-lower alkyl carbonate to obtain an urea derivative or carbamate.

The desired compounds in the processes described above can be isolated and purified by appropriate combinations of purification methods conventionally used in organic synthetic chemistry, for example, filtration, extraction, washing, drying, concentration, crystallization, and various kinds of chromatography. The intermediates may be subjected to the subsequent reaction without purification.

There may be stereoisomers such as geometrical isomers and optical isomers for Compound (I), and the present invention covers all possible isomers and their mixtures in any proportions.

In the case where a salt of Compound (I) is desired and it is produced in the form of the desired salt, it can be subjected to purification as such. In the case where Compound (I) is produced in the free state and its salt is desired, Compound (I) is dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent, followed by addition of an acid to form a salt. Compound (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of may be in the form of adducts with water or various solvents, which are also within the of the present invention.

Examples of Compound (I) are shown in Table 1 and the intermediates are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 1

Com- pound R¹ R² R³ Y   1 CH═CHCO₂Me CH═CHCO₂Me H OH   2 CH═CHCO₂Et H H OH   3 CH═CHCO₂Et CH═CHCO₂Et H OH   4 CH═CHCO₂Me H H OH   5 CH═CH—C₆H₅ H H OH   6 CH═CH—C₆H₅ CH═CH—C₆H₅ H OH   7 CH═CH-2-Pyr H H OH   8 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH   9 CH₂CH₂—C₆H₅ CH₂CH₂—C₆H₅ H OH  10 CH₂CH₂—C₆H₅ H H OH  11 CH₂CH₂-2-Pyr CH₂CH₂-2-Pyr H OH  12 H CH═CHCO₂Et H OH  13 H CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  14 H CH₂CH₂-2-Pyr H OH  15 NO₂ CH═CH-2-Pyr Ac OAc  16 NO₂ CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  17 NH₂ CH₂CH₂-2-Pyr Ac OAc  18 NH₂ CH₂CH₂-2-Pyr H OH  19 NHCONHEt CH₂CH₂-2-Pyr H OH  20 C≡CCH₂NMe₂ C≡CCH₂NMe₂ H OH  21 C≡CCH₂OMe I H OH  22 C≡CCH₂OMe C≡CCH₂OMe H OH  23 C≡CCH₂OH C≡CCH₂OH H OH  24 COCH₂Cl COCH₂Cl Ac OAc  25 COCH₂-1-Pip COCH₂-1-Pip H OH  26 COCH₂CH₂Cl H Ac OAc  27 COCH₂CH₂Cl COCH₂CH₂Cl Ac OAc  28 COCH₂CH₂-1-Pip H H OH  29 COCH₂CH₂-1-Pip COCH₂CH₂-1-Pip H OH  30 COCH₂CH₂-1-Morph COCH₂CH₂-1-Morph H OH  31 COCH₂-1-Morph COCH₂-1-Morph H OH  32 COCH₂NMe₂ COCH₂NMe₂ H OH  33a COCH₂Cl H Ac OAc  33b H COCH₂Cl Ac OAc  34 COCH₂NMe₂ H H OH  35 COCH₂-1-THP H H OH  36a COCH₂-1-Morph H Ac OAc  36b H COCH₂-1-Morph Ac OAc  37a COCH₂-1-Morph H H OH  37b H COCH₂-1-Morph H OH  38 COCH₂-1-THP COCH₂-1-THP H OH  39 COCH₂-1-Pipz(4-Me) COCH₂-1-Pipz(4-Me) Ac OAc  40 COCH₂-1-Pipz(4-Me) COCH₂-1-Pipz(4-Me) H OH  41 H COCH₂SEt H OH  42a COCH₂S-4-Pyr H H OH  42b H COCH₂S-4-Pyr H OH  43 COCH₂SMe COCH₂SMe H OH  44 COCH₂SEt COCH₂SEt H OH  45 COCH₂SCH₂Et COCH₂SCH₂Et H OH  46 COCH₂S(CH₂)₂OH COCH₂S(CH₂)₂OH H OH  47 COCH₂S-4-Pyr COCH₂S-4-Pyr H OH  48 COCH₂S-2-Pyr COCH₂S-2-Pyr H OH  49 COCH₂S-2-Pyrm COCH₂S-2-Pyrm H OH  50 COCH₂S—C₆H₄(4-OH) COCH₂S—C₆H₄(4-OH) H OH  51 COCH₂S-2-Thiazl COCH₂S-2-Thiazl H OH  52 COCH₂S-5-Tet(1-Me) COCH₂S-5-Tet(1-Me) H OH  53 CO(CH₂)₂SMe CO(CH₂)₂SMe H OH  54 CO(CH₂)₂OMe CO(CH₂)₂OMe H OH  55 Br CO(CH₂)₃H H OH  56 CO(CH₂)₄H CO(CH₂)₄H Ac OAc  57 COCH₂Br COCH₂Br Ac OAc  58 CH(OH)Me H Ac OAc  59 CH(OH)(CH₂)₂Cl CH(OH)(CH₂)₂Cl H OH  60 CH(OH)CH₂-1- CH(OH)CH₂-1- H OH Pipz(4-Me) Pipz(4-Me)  61 C≡CCH₂NMe₂ H H OH  62 Br C≡CCH₂NMeBn H OH  63 CH═CHCH₂NMe₂ CH═CHCH₂NMe₂ Ac OAc  64 CH═CHCH₂NMe₂ CH═CHCH₂NMe₂ H OH  65 CH═CHEt H Ac OAc  66 CH═CHEt H H OH  67 CH═CHEt I Ac OAc  68 CH═CHEt CH═CHEt H OH  69 (CH₂)₂Cl (CH₂)₂Cl H OH  70a (CH₂)₂I (CH₂)₂I H OH  70b (CH₂)₂OCOH (CH₂)₂OCOH H OH  70c (CH₂)₂OH (CH₂)₂OH H OH  71 (CH₂)₂OCO-4-Pyr (CH₂)₂OCO-4-Pyr H OH  72a CH₂CO₂Me H H OH  72b CH₂CO₂Me CH₂CO₂Me H OH  73a (CH₂)₃I (CH₂)₃I H OH  73b (CH₂)₃OCOH (CH₂)₃OCOH H OH  73c (CH₂)₃OH (CH₂)₃OH H OH  74 (CH₂)₃OMe (CH₂)₃OMe H OH  75 (CH₂)₂-1-Pip (CH₂)₂-1-Pip H OH  76 (CH₂)₂-1-Morph (CH₂)₂-1-Morph H OH  77 (CH₂)₂NEt₂ (CH₂)₂NEt₂ H OH  78 (CH₂)₂NMe(CH₂)₂OH (CH₂)₂NMe(CH₂)₂OH H OH  79 (CH₂)₂NHMe (CH₂)₂NHMe H OH  80 (CH₂)₂NHCH₂C₆H₄(4- (CH₂)₂NHCH₂C₆H₄(4- H OH   MeO) MeO)  81 (CH₂)₂N₃ (CH₂)₂N₃ H OH  82 (CH₂)₃-1-Pip (CH₂)₃-1-Pip H OH  83 (CH₂)₃-1-Morph (CH₂)₃-1-Morph H OH  84 (CH₂)₃NEt₂ (CH₂)₃NEt₂ H OH  85 (CH₂)₃NHCONHEt (CH₂)₃NHCONHEt H OH  86 (CH₂)₃NHCO₂t-Bu (CH₂)₃NHCO₂t-Bu H OH  87 (CH₂)₂SMe (CH₂)₂SMe H OH  88 (CH₂)₂SEt (CH₂)₂SEt H OH  89 (CH₂)₂SCH₂CO₂Me (CH₂)₂SCH₂CO₂Me H OH  90 (CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₂CO₂Et (CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₂CO₂Et H OH  91 (CH₂)₂S—C₆H₄(4-OH) (CH₂)₂S—C₆H₄(4-OH) H OH  92 (CH₂)₂S-2-Thiazl (CH₂)₂S-2-Thiazl H OH  93 (CH₂)₂S-4-Pyr (CH₂)₂S-4-Pyr H OH  94 (CH₂)₂S-2-Pyr (CH₂)₂S-2-Pyr H OH  95 (CH₂)₃SMe (CH₂)₃SMe H OH  96 (CH₂)₃S-2- (CH₂)₃S-2- H OH (Benz)Thiazole (Benz)Thiazole  97 CH═CH-2-Pyr CHO Ac OAc  98 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂OH Ac OAc  99 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂OH H OH  100 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂OSiMe₂t-Bu Ac OAc  101 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂OSiMe₂t-Bu H OH  102 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂OMe H OH  103 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂OEt H OH  104 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂O(CH₂)₂NMe₂ H OH  105 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂SEt H OH  106 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂S(CH₂)₂NMe₂ H OH  107 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂S-2-(Benz)imid H OH  108 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH₂S-2-Pyr H OH  109 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH(SEt)₂ Ac OAc  110 CH═CH-2-Pyr CH(SEt)₂ H OH  111 CHO CH═CH-2-Pyr Ac OAc  112 CH₂OH CH═CH-2-Pyr Ac OAc  113 CH₂OH CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  114 CH₂OSiMe₂t-Bu CH═CH-2-Pyr Ac OAc  115 CH₂OSiMe₂t-Bu CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  116 CH₂OMe CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  117 CH₂OEt CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  118 CH₂SEt CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  119 CH₂S-2-Pyr CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  120 CH₂S-2-(Benz)Imid CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  121 CH═CHEt CH═CH-2-Pyr Ac OAc  122 CH═CHEt CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  123 (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr CH₂OSiMe₂t-Bu Ac OAc  124 (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr CH₂OSiMe₂t-Bu H OH  125a (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr CH₂OMe Ac OAc  125b (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr CH₂OMe H OAc  126 (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr CH₂OMe H OH  127a (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr CH₂OEt H OH  127b (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr CH₂OH H OH  128 (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr CH₂S-2-Pyr Ac OAc  129 (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr CH₂S-2-Pyr H OH  130 CH₂OSiMe₂t-Bu (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr Ac OAc  131 CH₂OSiMe₂t-Bu (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr H OH  132 CH₂OMe (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr H OH  133 CH₂OEt (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr H OH  134 CH₂SEt (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr H OH  135 CH₂S(CH₂)₂NMe₂ (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr H OH  136 CH₂S-2-Pyr (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr Ac OAc  137 CH₂S-2-Pyr (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr H OH *138 C≡CCH₂OMe C≡CCH₂OMe H OH  139 CH₂CH₂CO₂Me CH₂CH₂CO₂Me H OH  140 CH₂CH₂CO₂Et CH₂CH₂CO₂Et H OH  141 Br CH═CH-2-Pyr Ac OAc  142 Br CH═CH-2-Pyr H OH  143 Br CH₂CH₂-2-Pyr H OH  144 CH═CH-4-Pyr CH═CH-4-Pyr Ac OAc  145 CH═CH-4-Pyr CH═CH-4-Pyr H OH  146 CH₂CH₂-4-Pyr CH₂CH₂-4-Pyr H OH  147 CH═CH-2-Imid H Ac OAc  148 CH═CH-2-Imid H H OH  149 CH₂CH₂-2-Imid H H OH  150 CH═C(CO₂Me)₂ CH═C(CO₂Me)₂ Ac OAc  151 CH₂CH(CO₂Me)₂ CH₂CH(CO₂Me)₂ Ac OAc  152 CH₂CH(CO₂Me)₂ CH₂CH(CO₂Me)₂ H OH  153 n-C₄H₉ (CH₂)₂-2-Pyr H OH  154 CH₂OCH₂OMe H H OH  155 CH₂OCH₂OMe CH₂OCH₂OMe H OH  156 CH₂OCH₂OEt CH₂OCH₂OEt H OH  157 CH₂O(CH₂)₂OMe CH₂O(CH₂)₂OMe H OH Pyr = Pyridyl Pip = Piperidine Morph = Morpholine THP = Tetrahydropyrrole Pipz = Piperazine Pyrm = Pyrimidine Thiazl = Thiazoline Tet = Tetrazole Imid = Imidazole (Benz)Thiazole = Benzothiazole (Benz)Imid = Benzimidazole *The CO₂CH₃ group is replaced with CH₂OH.

TABLE 2

Compound R1 R2 R3 □Y A Br H Ac OAc B Br CHO Ac OAc C H CHO Ac OAc D NO2 H Ac OAc E NO2 CHO Ac OAc F I I Ac OAc G I I H OH H I H Ac OAc I Br I Ac OAc J CHO I Ac OAc K CH2OH I Ac OAc

EXAMPLES

Certain embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the following Examples and Reference Examples.

Compounds a-e and g which are known compounds used as the starting compounds are described in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88. Compounds f and h are described in WO94/02488. The structures are shown below in FIG. 9.

FIG. 9

Compound R¹ R² R³ Y a CHO CHO Ac OAc b CHO H Ac OAc c H H Ac OAc d Ac H Ac OAc e CH₂OH H Ac OAc f CH₂OH CH₂OH Ac OAc g Ac Ac Ac OAc h CH₂OH CH₂OH H OH

Example 1 Synthesis of Compound 1

Step A:

To a solution of 50.0 mg (0.0824 mmol) of Compound a (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88) in 5 ml of chloroform was added 198 mg (0.592 mmol) of methyl(triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate, followed by stirring under reflux for 4 hours. After cooling, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=98/2) to give diacetylated Compound 1.

FAB-MS (m/z); 720 (M+1)⁺.

Step B:

To a solution of 71.0 mg of diacetylated Compound 1 in a mixture of 4 ml of 1,2-dichloromethane and 1 ml of methanol was added 18 ml (0.09 mmol) of 5.1 N sodium methoxide/methanol solution, and the mixture was stir at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into water, followed by extraction with tetrahydrofuran. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over magnesium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was crystallized from chloroform-methanol to give 16.3 mg (yield from Compound a: 31%) of Compound 1.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.04 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 3.42 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.1 Hz), 3.77 (s, 6H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.59 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 6.78 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.21 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.5 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.88-8.00 (m, 4H), 8.40 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 8.79 (s, 1H), 9.48 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 636 (M+1)⁺.

Example 2 Synthesis of Compound 2

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step A was repeated using 55.7 mg (0.0962 mmol) of Compound b (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88) and 92.1 mg (0.264 mmol) of ethyl(triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate to give diacetylated Compound 2.

FAB-MS (m/z); 650 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 2 to give 27.5 mg (yield from Compound b: 51%) of Compound 2.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆); 1.31 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.05 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.23 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 5.00 (d, 1H, J=17.5 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1H, J=17.5 Hz), 6.36 (s, 1H), 6.56 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.19 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.84 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.36-8.08 (m, 6H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 9.47 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 565 (M)⁺, 566 (M+1)⁺.

Example 3 Synthesis of Compound 3

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step A was repeated using 50.0 mg (0.0824 mmol) of Compound a and 225 mg (0.645 mmol) of ethyl(triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate to give diacetylated Compound 3.

FAB-MS (m/z); 747 (M)⁺, 748 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 3 to give 29.7 mg (yield from Compound a: 54%) of Compound 3.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.31 (t, 6H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.04 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.2 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.42 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.2 Hz), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.23 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.23 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 5.10 (s, 2H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.58 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 6.77 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.21 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.93 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.88-8.00 (m, 4H), 8.40 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.78 (s, 1H), 9.47 (t, 1H, J=1.6 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 664 (M+1)⁺.

Example 4 Synthesis of Compound 4

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step A was repeated using 50.0 mg (0.0824 mmol) of Compound b and 104 mg (0.311 mmol) of methyl(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-acetate to give diacetylated Compound 4.

FAB-MS (m/z); 636 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 4 to give 14.6 mg (yield from Compound b: 31%) of Compound 4.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.05 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.2 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.2 Hz), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 5.00 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 6.36 (s, 1H), 6.59 (d, 1H, J=15.8 Hz), 7.19 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.5 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J=15.8 Hz), 7.36-8.08 (m, 6H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 9.47 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 552 (M+1)⁺.

Example 5 Synthesis of Compound 5

To a solution of 215 mg (0.553 mmol) of benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride in 2 ml of dichloromethane were added 165 mg (1.19 mmol) of potassium carbonate and 12 mg (0.045 mmol) of 18-crown-6, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes. After addition of a solution of 80.0 mg (0.138 mmol) of Compound b in 8 ml of dichloromethane, the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Insoluble materials in the reaction mixture were filtered off, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) and then by preparative TLC (chloroform/methanol=99/1) to give 80.0 mg (89%) of diacetylated Compound 5.

FAB-MS (m/z); 564 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 80.0 mg (0.123 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 5 to give 26.1 mg (37%) of Compound 5 (E/Z=3/7).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.00-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.13 (s, 2.1H), 2.14 (s, 0.9H), 3.37 (dd, 0.7H, J=7.5, 14.2 Hz), 3.40 (dd, 0.3H, J=7.6, 13.7 Hz), 3.90 (s, 2.1H), 3.92 (s, 0.9H), 4.93-5.60 (m, 2H), 6.33 (s, 0.7H), 6.34 (s, 0.3H), 6.621 (d, 0.7H, J=12.4 Hz), 6.849 (d, 0.7H, J=12.4 Hz), 7.072 (dd, 0.7H, J=4.9, 7.5 Hz), 7.132-8.064 (m, 11.9H), 8.58 (s, 0.7H), 8.63 (s, 0.3H), 9.15 (m, 0.7H), 9.38 (d, 0.3H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 570 (M+1)⁺.

Example 6 Synthesis of Compound 6

The same procedure as in Example 5 was repeated using 250 mg (0.643 mmol) of benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 50.0 mg (0.0824 mmol) of Compound a to give 63.5 mg of diacetylated Compound 6.

FAB-MS (m/z); 756 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 63.5 mg (0.0841 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 6 to give 49.9 mg (yield from Compound a: 90%) of Compound 6 (R¹, R²: cis, trans/R¹, R²: cis, cis/R¹, R²: trans, cis/R¹, R²: tans, trans=2/1/1/1).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.99-2.08 (m, 1H), 2.10, 2.12, 2.15, 2.17 (4×s, 3H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.89, 3.92, 3.92, 3.93 (4×s, 3H), 4.50-5.03 (m, 2H), 6.35, 6.36, 6.40, 6.41 (4×s, 1H), 6.61-8.23 (t, 20H), 8.59, 8.57, 8.67, 8.72 (m, 1H), 9.13, 9.17, 9.36, 9.40 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 672 (M+1)⁺.

Example 7 Synthesis of Compound 7

The same procedure as in Example 5 was repeated using 61.8 mg (0.142 mmol) of 2-pyridinemethyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide and 26.5 mg (0.0458 mmol) of Compound b to give 47.3 mg of diacetylated Compound 7.

FAB-MS (m/z); 655 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 47.3 mg of diacetylated Compound 7 to give 13.3 mg (yield from Compound b: 51%) of Compound 7.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.05 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.1 Hz), 2.16 (s, 3H), 3.42 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 5.00 (d, 1H, J=18.0 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1H, J=18.0 Hz), 6.35 (s, 1H), 7.17 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.3 Hz), 7.23-7.97 (m, 8H), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 8.07 (d, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 8.59 (Im, H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 9.46 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 571 (M+1)⁺.

Example 8 Synthesis of Compound 8

The same procedure as in Example 5 was repeated using 244 mg (0.561 mmol) of 2-pyridinemethyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide and 50.0 mg (0.0824 mmol) of Compound a to give 75.3 mg of diacetylated Compound 8.

FAB-MS (m/z); 757 (M)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 75.3 mg of diacetylated Compound 8 to give 22.6 mg (yield from Compound a: 41%) of Compound 8.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.06 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.4 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.43 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.4 Hz), 3.95 (s, 3H), 5.08-5.17 (m, 2H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 7.19 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.6 Hz), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.22-9.46 (m, 17H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 674 (M+1)⁺.

Example 9 Synthesis of Compound 9

To a solution of 36.9 mg (0.0550 mmol) of Compound 6 in 4 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was added 25 mg of 10% Pd/C, followed by stirring at 60° C. for 2 hours in an atmosphere of hydrogen. After insoluble materials in the reaction mixture were filtered off, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 31.1 mg (84%) of Compound 9.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.98 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.1 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.99-3.14 (m, 8H), 3.36 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.1 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.92 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 4.97 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 6:28 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.5 Hz), 7.17-7.38 (m, 12H), 7.78-7.84 (m, 3H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 9.09 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 676 (M+1)⁺.

Example 10 Synthesis of Compound 10

The same procedure as in Example 9 was repeated using 43.6 mg (0.0766 mmol) of Compound 5 to give 24.2 mg (55%) of Compound 10.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.00 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.99-3.11 (m, 4H), 3.37 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.97 (d, 1H, J=17.9 Hz), 5.03 (d, 1H, J=17.9 Hz), 6.32 (s, 1H), 7.10 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.17-8.06 (m, 11H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 9.11 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 572 (M+1)⁺.

Example 11 Synthesis of Compound 11

The same procedure as in Example 9 was repeated using 15.0 mg (0.0223 mmol) of Compound 8 to give 9.8 mg (65%) of Compound 11.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.42 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 14.4 Hz), 3.21-3.29 (m, 8H), 3.31 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.4 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.19 (br, 1H), 4.83 (d, 1H, J=16.2 Hz), 4.88 (d, 1H, J=16.2 Hz), 5.98 (s, 1H), 6.84 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.5 Hz), 7.11-7.33 (m, 7H), 7.56-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.58-8.61 (m, 2H), 9.08 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 678 (M+1)⁺.

Example 12 Synthesis of Compound 12

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step A was repeated using 25.0 mg (0.0432 mmol) of Compound C obtained in Reference Example 3 and 52.0 mg (0.156 mmol) of ethyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate to give 17.2 mg (63%) of diacetylated Compound 12.

FAB-MS (m/z); 650 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 12 to give 8.1 mg (54%) of Compound 12.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.31 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.00 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.23 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 5.08 (s, 2H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 6.76 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.16 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.93 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.28-7.96 (m, 4H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 9.23 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 566 (M+1)⁺.

Example 13 Synthesis of Compound 13

The same procedure as in Example 5 was repeated using 118 mg (0.855 mmol) of 2-pyridinemethyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide and 39.6 mg (0.0684 mmol) of Compound C obtained in Reference Example 3 to give diacetylated Compound 13.

FAB-MS (m/z); 655 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 13 to give 30.0 mg (yield from Compound C: 77%) of Compound 13 (E/Z=8/2).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.02 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.13 (s, 0.6H), 2.17 (s, 2.4H), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 3.92 (s, 0.6H), 3.94 (s, 2.4H), 5.03 (d, 0.8H, J=18.8 Hz), 5.13 (d, 0.8H, J=18.8 Hz), 6.35 (s, 0.2H), 6.39 (s, 0.8H), 6.69 (d, 0.2H, J=12.9 Hz), 6.98 (d, 0.2H, J=12.9 Hz), 7.15 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.24-7.97 (m, 8H), 7.42 (d, 0.8H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.96 (d, 0.8H, J=16.0 Hz), 8.23 (s, 0.2H), 8.30 (s, 0.5H), 8.60 (m, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 9.18 (d, 0.2H, J=7.8 Hz), δ 9.23 (d, 0.8H, J=7.8 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 571 (M+1)⁺.

Example 14 Synthesis of Compound 14

The same procedure as in Example 9 was repeated using 19.9 mg (0.0349 mmol) of Compound 13 to give 16.4 mg (82%) of Compound 14.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.99 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.2 Hz), 2.13 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.24 (m, 4H), 3.38 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.2 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.30 (d, 1H, J=17.4 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1H, J=17.4 Hz), 6.29 (s, 1H), 7.12 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.21-7.89 (m, 9H), 8.55 (m, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 9.21 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 573 (M+1)⁺.

Example 15 Synthesis of Compound 15

The same procedure as in Example 5 was r using 144 mg (0.331 mmol) of 2-pyridinemethyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide and Compound E obtained in Reference Example 5 to give 36.3 mg (yield from Compound D: 62%) of Compound 15 (E/Z=9/1).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.81 (s, 0.3H), 1.84 (s, 2.7H), 2.25 (dd, 1H, J=5.2, 14.7 Hz), 2.29 (s, 0.3H), 2.33 (s, 2.7H), 2.65 (s, 2.7H), 2.68 (s, 0.3H), 4.01 (s, 0.3H), 4.04 (s, 2.7H), 4.07 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.7 Hz), 5.08 (m, 0.2H), 5.34 (m, 1.8H), 6.81 (d, 0.1H, J=12.6 Hz), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J=5.2, 7.6 Hz), 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.32 (d, 0.9H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.87 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.13 (m, 1H), 8.35 (m, 1H), 8.66 (m, 1H), 9.93 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 700 (M+1)⁺.

Example 16 Synthesis of Compound 16

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 33.1 mg (0.0474 mmol) of Compound 15 to give 24.5 mg (84%) of Compound 16 (E/Z=9/1).

FAB-MS (m/z); 616 (M+1)⁺.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.13 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.3 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.47 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.3 Hz), 3.93 (s, 0.3H), 3.95 (s, 2.7H), 5.13 (d, 0.9H, J=18.1 Hz), 5.18 (d, 0.9H, J=18.1 Hz), 6.45 (s, 0.1H), 6.49 (s, 0.9H), 6.71 (d, 0.1H, J=12.6 Hz), 6.99 (d, 0.1H, J=12.6 Hz), 7.30 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.5 Hz), 7.24-8.60 (m, 9H), 7.43 (d, 0.9H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.96 (d, 0.9H, J=16.0 Hz), 8.74 (s, 0.1H), 8.88 (s, 0.9H), 10.14 (d, 0.1H, J=2.4 Hz), 10.17 (d, 0.9H, J=2.4 Hz).

Example 17 Synthesis of Compound 17

Compound 15 (133 mg, 0.190 mmol) was subjected to catalytic reduction in the same manner as in Example 9 to give 93.2 mg (73%) of Compound 17.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.68 (s, 3H), 2.09 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.6 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.21 (m, 2H), 3.82 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.6 Hz), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.97 (br, 2H), 5.35 (s, 2H), 7.11 (dd, 1H, J=4.2, 7.4 Hz), 6.90-7.87 (m, 8H), 8.32 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz), 8.55 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 672 (M+1)⁺.

Example 18 Synthesis of Compound 18

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 23.6 mg (0.0352 mmol) of Compound 17 to give 16.3 mg (79%) of Compound 18.

FAB-MS (m/z); 588 (M+1)⁺.

Example 19 Synthesis of Compound 19

To a solution of 66.2 mg (0.0987 mmol) of Compound 17 in 4 ml of chloroform were added 0.02 ml of triethylamine and 0.1 ml of ethyl isocyanate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. After addition of water, the reaction mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99/1-98/2) to give 68.7 mg (94%) of diacetylated Compound 19.

FAB-MS (m/z); 743 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 25.5 mg (0.0344 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 19 to give 17.7 mg (78%) of Compound 19.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.08 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 1.94 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 14.1 Hz), 2.11 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.22 (m, 4H), 3.34 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 14.1 Hz), 3.90 (s, 3H), 4.90 (d, 1H, J=17.5 Hz), 4.96 (d, 1H, J=17.5 Hz), 6.00 (t, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 6.26 (s, 1H), 7.03 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.2 Hz), 7.22-7.86 (m, 8H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.55 (m, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.84 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 659 (M+1)⁺.

Example 20 Synthesis of Compound 20

To a solution of 40 mg (0.05 mmol) of Compound F obtained in Reference Example 6 in 3 ml of a dichloromethane/diethylamine mixture (2/1) were added 26 mg (0.025 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate, 13 mg (0.05 mmol) of triphenylphosphine and 9.5 mg (0.05 mmol) of cuprous iodide; in a stream of argon, followed by stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes. After addition of 0.16 ml (1.5 mmol) of N,N-dimethylpropargylamine, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=9614) to give 15.1 mg (42%) of diacetylated Compound 20.

FAB-MS (m/z); 714 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 6.5 mg (0.0091 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 20 to give 2.0 mg (35%) of Compound 20.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 6H), 2.48 (s, 6H), 3.05 (dd, 1H, J=4.5; 14.4 Hz), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 3.62 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.4 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.54 (d, 1H, J=16.9 Hz), 4.70 (d, 1H, J=16.9 Hz), 5.33 (m, 2H), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=4.5, 7.5 Hz), 7.15 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.34 (dd, 1H, J=1.3, 8.5 Hz), 7.61 (dd, 1H, J=1.3, 8.5 Hz), 7.91 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.96 (d, 1H, J=0.97 Hz), 8.85 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 630 (M+1)⁺.

Example 21 Synthesis of Compound 21 and Compound 22

A mixture of 2.2 mg (0.01 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate, 5.0 mg (0.02 mmol) of triphenylphosphine and 1 ml of dichloromethane was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes in a stream of argon. To the mixture was added a solution of 72 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound G obtained in Reference Example 7 and 3.8 mg (0.02 mmol) of cuprous iodide in 3 ml of a dichloromethane/diethylamine mixture (2/1), followed by stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes. After addition of 0.056 ml (1 mmol) of 1-methoxy-2-propyne, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 23.0 mg (38%) of Compound 21 and 2.6 mg (4.3%) of Compound 22.

Compound 21:

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, 1H, J=4.5, 14.7 Hz), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.79 (dd, 1H, J=7.7, 14.7 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 4.53 (d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 4.58 (d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 5.11 (s, 1H), 5.69 (s, 1H), 6.77 (dd, 1H, J=4.5, 7.7 Hz), 7.10 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.46 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.63 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.98 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 8.83 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 703 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 22:

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.95 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.7 Hz), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.60 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.7 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.53 (d, 1H, J=17.0 Hz), 4.70 (d, 1H, J=17.0 Hz), 5.19 (br, 1H), 5.32 (br, 1H), 6.78 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.36 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.3 Hz), 7.61 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.97 (d, 1H, J=1.55 Hz), 8.85 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 603 (M+1)⁺.

Example 22 Synthesis of Compound 23

To a solution of 40 mg (0.05 mmol) of Compound F obtained in Reference Example 6 in 3 ml of a dichloromethane/diethylamine mixture (2/1) were added 126 mg (0.18 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride and 42 mg (0.22 mmol) of cuprous iodide in a stream of argon, followed by stirring at room temperature for 20 minutes. After addition of 0.16 ml (1.5 mmol) of propargyl alcohol, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour. The reaction m was filtered through Celite and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=96/4) to give 456.0 mg (23%) of diacetylated Compound 23.

FAB-MS (m/z); 659 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 30.0 mg of diacetylated Compound 23 to give 8.0 mg (33%) of Compound 23.

¹H-NMR (CD₃OD) δ; 1.90 (s, 1H), 1.93 (s, 1H), 2.14 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.2 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.2 Hz), 4.01 (s, 3H), 4.78 (m, 4H), 4.98 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 5.03 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 7.02 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.5 Hz), 7.35 (dt, 1H, J=0.7, 7.8 Hz), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.63 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.97 (d, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 7.99 (d, 1H, J=1.1, 8.6 Hz), 9.26 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 576 (M+1)⁺.

Example 23 Synthesis of Compound 24

Chloroacetyl chloride (0.95 ml, 10 mmol) was added to 5 ml of a suspension of 1.06 g (8 mmol) of aluminum chloride in dichloromethane, and the mixture was ed at room temperature for 5 minutes. To the mixture was added dropwise 10 ml of a solution of 500 mg (1 mmol) of Compound c (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88) in dichloromethane, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2.5 hours. Me reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over magnesium sulfite. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the resulting powder was mixed with 1 N hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred for one hour and then filtered. The file was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 270 mg (38%) of Compound 24.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.82 (s, 3H), 2.20 (dd, 1H, J=5.4, 14.5 Hz), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 4.06 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.5 Hz), 4.87 (dd, 1H, J=14.1, 15.6 Hz), 5.03 (d, 1H, J=14.1, 15.6 Hz), 5.45 (m, 2H), 7.03 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.3 Hz), 7.61 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.02 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.21 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.27 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.63 (d, 1H, J=10.5 Hz), 9.87 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 704 (M+1)⁺.

Example 24 Synthesis of Compound 25

To 1.5 ml of a solution of 36 mg (0.05 mmol) of Compound 24 in chloroform was added 0.025 ml (0.25 mmol) of piperidine, and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=10/1) to give diacetylated Compound 25.

FAB-MS (m/z); 802 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 25 to give 16 mg (42%) of Compound 25.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.42 (m, 4H), 1.56 (m, 8H), 2.07 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 14.2 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.56 (m, 8H), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.2 Hz), 3.86 (m, 4H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 5.12 (m, 2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.5 Hz), 8.02 (d, 2H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.14 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 7.1 Hz), 8.16 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 7.1 Hz), 8.78 (br, 1H), 8.84 (br, 1H), 9.99 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 718 (M+1)⁺.

Example 25 Synthesis of Compound 26 and Compound 27

The same procedure as in Example 23 was repeated using 55 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound c (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88) and 3-chloropropionyl chloride to give 4 mg (6%) of Compound 26 and 26 mg (36%) of Compound 27.

Compound 26:

FAB-MS (m/z); 642 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 27:

FAB-MS (m/z); 732 (M+1)⁺.

Example 26 Synthesis of Compound 28

To 1.5 ml of a solution of 200 mg (0.25 mmol) of Compound 26 in chloroform was added 0.025 ml (0.25 mmol) of piperidine, and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=10/1) to give diacetylated Compound 28.

FAB-MS (m/z); 689 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 28 to give 17 mg (11%) of Compound 28.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.48 (br, 2H), 1.65 (t, 4H, J=5.2 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.47 (br, 4H), 2.60 (br, 1H), 3.00 (br, 1H), 3.57 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 15.4 Hz), 4.07 (s, 3H), 4.15 (d, 1H, J=15.4 Hz), 4.40 (d, 1H, J=15.8 Hz), 5.73 (br, 2H), 6.71 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.3 Hz); 7.02 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.30 (dd, 1H, J=5.2, 8.1 Hz), 7.43 (dd, 1H, J=5.2, 8.2 Hz), 7.56 (br, 1H), 7.63 (br, 1H), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 8.84 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 605 (M+1)⁺.

Example 27 Synthesis of Compound 29

To 1.5 ml of a solution of 60 mg (0.03 mmol) of Compound 27 in chloroform was added 0.025 ml (0.25 mmol) of piperidine, and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=10/1) to give diacetylated Compound 29.

FAB-MS (m/z); 830 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 29 to give 5.1 mg (8.3%) of Compound 29.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.06 (dd, 4H, J=4.4, 13.9 Hz), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.49 (br, 12H), 3.29 (br, 4H), 3.44 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.9 Hz), 3.93 (s, 3H), 5.13 (d, 1H, J=18.4 Hz), 5.80 (d, 1H, J=18.4 Hz), 6.48 (m, 1H), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=5.4, 6.3 Hz), 8.00-8.16 (m, 4H), 8.62 (br, 1H), 8.77 (br, 1H), 9.96 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 746 (M+1)⁺.

Example 28 Synthesis of Compound 30

To 1.5 ml of a solution of 40 mg (0.05 mmol) of Compound 27 in chloroform was added 0.02 ml (0.23 mmol) of morpholine, and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica get column chromatography (chloroform/methanol 10/1) to give diacetylated Compound 30.

FAB-MS (m/z); 834 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 30 to give 35.5 mg (31%) of Compound 30.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.07 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.7 Hz), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.45 (m, 8H), 2.77 (br, 4H), 3.30 (m, 4H), 3.44 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.7 Hz), 3.59 (m, 8H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 5.16 (im, 2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 7.24 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.5 Hz), 8.02 (dd, 1H, J=2.2, 5.5 Hz), 8.11 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 5.8 Hz), 8.14 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 5.8 Hz), 8.61 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz), 8.76 (br, 1H), 9.96 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 750 (M+1)⁺.

Example 29 Synthesis of Compound 31

To 3 ml of a solution of 100 mg (0.14 mmol) of Compound 24 in chloroform was added 1 ml of morpholine, and the mixture was refluxed for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=15/1) to give diacetylated Compound 31.

FAB-MS (m/z); 806 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 31 to give 27 mg (26°/e) of Compound 31.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.06 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.1 Hz), 2.62 (m, 8H), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 3.63 (m, 8H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.98 (m, 2H), 5.13 (d, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 6.49 (s, 1H), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.3 Hz), 8.02 (d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 8.13 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 9.0 Hz), 8.15 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.62 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.78 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 10.01 (dd, 1H, J=0.49, 1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 722 (M+1)⁺.

Example 30 Synthesis of Compound 32

To 3 ml of a solution of 110 mg (0.16 mmol) of Compound 24 in N,N-dimethylformamide was added 54 ml of a 50% aqueous solution of dimethylamine, and the mixture was refluxed for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=10/1) to give 13.7 mg (14%) of Compound 32.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.06 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 2.36 (s, 6H), 3.40 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.1 Hz), 3.87 (m, 2H), 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 5.13 (m, 2H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.5 Hz), 8.01 (d, 2H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.13 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 5.6 Hz), 8.16 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 5.4 Hz), 8.69 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.76 (br, 1H), 9.97 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 638 (M+1)⁺.

Example 31 Synthesis of Compounds 33a and 33b

To a suspension of 1.06 g (8.0 mmol) of aluminum chloride in 10 ml of methylene chloride was added 0.48 ml (5.0 mmol) of chloroacetyl chloride, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. To the mixture was gradually added a solution of 551 mg (1.0 mmol) of Compound c in 10 ml of methylene chloride, followed by stirring for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was then poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfa. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the resulting powder was mixed with 1 N hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred for one hour, and then insoluble materials were removed by filtration. The filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 110 mg (17%) of a mixture of Compounds 33a and 33b.

Compound 33a

FAB-MS (m/z); 628, 630 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 33b

FAB-MS (m/z); 628, 630 (M+1)⁺.

Example 32 Synthesis of Compound 34

To a solution of 64 mg (0.1 mmol) of a mixture of Compounds 33a and 33b in 1.5 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide were added 30 mg (0.2 mmol) of sodium iodide and 1 ml of a 50% aqueous solution of dimethylamine, followed by reflux for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=9/1) to give 3.2 g (5.8%) of Compound 34.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.73 (br, 1H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 6H), 2.85 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.7 Hz), 3.61 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 13.7 Hz), 3.70 (m, 2H), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.50 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.70 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 5.70 (br, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.29 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.39 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.83 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.90 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 9.36 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 553 (M+1)⁺.

Example 33 Synthesis of Compound 35

To a solution of 63 mg (0.1 mmol) of a mixture of Compounds 33a and 33b in 2 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was added 90 mg (0.6 mmol) of sodium iodide, and the mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was treated in the same manner as in Example 1, Step B to give 6.8 mg (12%) of Compound 35.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.00-2.40 (m, 7H), 2.70-2.80 (m, 4H), 3.40 (br, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.22 (br, 2H), 5.02 (d, 1H, J=18.0 Hz), 5.07 (d, 1H, J=18.0 Hz), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.90 (br, 1H), 7.38 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.51 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.00 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 8.08 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.12 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.7 Hz), 8.69 (s, 1H), 9.95 (d, 1H, J=1.4 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 579 (M+1)⁺.

Example 34 Synthesis of Compounds 36a and 36b

The same procedure as in Example 28 was repeated using 40 mg (0.064 mmol) of a mixture of Compounds 33a and 33b to give 17 mg (40%) of Compound 36a and 10 mg (23%) of Compound 36b.

Compound 36a

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.80 (s, 3H), 2.18 (dt, 1H, J=5.1, 10.2 Hz), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 3.07 (br, 4H), 3.93 (br, 4H), 4.00 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 10.1 Hz), 4.07 (s, 3H), 4.35 (br, 2H), 5.38 (d, 2H, J=5.4 Hz), 6.90 (m, 1H), 7.00 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.5 Hz), 7.46 (td, 1H, J=0.5, 7.5 Hz), 7.56 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.57 (td, 1H, J=1.11, 7.5 Hz), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.07 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.22 (dd, 1H, J=1.6, 7.5 Hz), 9.94 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 679 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 36b

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ; 1.80 (s, 3H), 2.15 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 12.2 Hz), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 2.94 (br, 4H), 3.92 (t, 4H, J=4.5 Hz), 4.09 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 12.2 Hz), 4.02 (s, 3H), 4.35 (br, 2H), 5.38 (br, 2H), 7.03 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.2 Hz), 7.38 (br, 1H), 7.56 (br, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=38.9 Hz), 8.21 (d, 1H, J=1.7, 8.9 Hz), 8.78 (br, 1H), 9.21 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 679 (M+1)⁺.

Example 35 Synthesis of Compound 37a

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 17 mg (0.025 mmol) of Compound 36a to give 3.2 mg (22%) of Compound 37a.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.56 (dd, 1H, J=4.5, 14.7 Hz), 2.72 (br, 4H), 3.43 (dt, 1H, J=7.6, 14.7 Hz), 3.82 (t, 4H, J=4.6 Hz), 4.01 (br, 1H), 4.11 (s, 3H), 4.86 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 4.95 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 5.96 (br, 1H), 6.91 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.4 Hz), 7.41 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.50 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 8.11 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 9.81 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 595 (M+1)⁺.

Example 36 Synthesis of Compound 37b

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 10 mg (0.015 mmol) of Compound 36b to give 1.0 mg (11%) of Compound 37b.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-4) δ; 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.42 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.5 Hz), 2.64 (br, 4H), 3.35 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.5 Hz), 3.80 (t, 4H, J=4.6 Hz), 3.85 (d, 2H, J=5.3 Hz), 4.12 (s, 3H), 4.29 (br, 1H), 4.80 (d, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 4.90 (c, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 6.21 (br, 1H), 6.93 (d, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.30 (br, 1H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 8.11 (d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.5 (s, 1H), 9.20 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 595 (M+1)⁺.

Example 37 Synthesis of Compound 38

The same procedure as in Example 33 was repeated using 162 mg (0.23 mmol) of Compound 24 to give 32 mg (46%) of Compound 38.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆); 1.95 (s, 3H), 2.30 (m, 9H), 2.65 (m, 8H), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.13 (m, 4H), 5.12 (m, 2H)), 6.52 (s, 1H), 7.24 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 8.02 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.29 (m, 2H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.76 (br, 1H), 9.97 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 689 (M+1)⁺.

Example 38 Synthesis of Compound 39

To a solution of 211 mg (0.30 mmol) of Compound 24 in 2 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide were added 300 mg (3.0 mmol) of N-methylpiperazine and 90 mg (0.6 mmol) of sodium iodide, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=9/1) to give 190 mg (76%) of Compound 39.

FAB-MS (m/z); 832 (M+1)⁺.

Example 39 Synthesis of Compound 40

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 17 mg (0.02 mmol) of Compound 39 to give 5.1 mg (34%) of Compound 40.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-4) δ; 2.06 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 14.4 Hz, 4H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.30 (br, 6H), 2.50 (br, 8H), 2.67 (br, 8H), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.98 (br, 4H), 5.13 (br, 2H)), 6.49 (s, 1H), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.1 Hz), 8.02 (d, 2H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.13 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 6.8 Hz), 8.16 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 6.8 Hz), 8.78 (br, 1H), 9.99 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 748 (M+1)⁺.

Example 40 Synthesis of Compound 41

To a solution of 50 mg (0.078 mmol) of a mixture of Compounds 33a and 33b in 2 ml of methylene chloride was added 66 mg (0.78 mmol) of sodium ethanethiolate, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99.8/0.2) to give 17.0 mg (33%) of diacetylated compound 41.

FAB-MS (m/z); 654 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 17 mg (0.026 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 41 to give 5.3 mg (35%) of Compound 41.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.23 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.00 (dd, 1H, J=4.7, 13.9 Hz), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.59 (q, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 3.42 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.9 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.19 (d, 2H, J=3.4 Hz), 5.10 (d, 2H, J=5.1 Hz), 6.44 (br, 1H), 7.18 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 8.31 (t, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.51 (dt, 1H, J=1.4, 8.3 Hz), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 8.02 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.11 (dd, 1H, J=1.9, 9.0 Hz), 8.63 (d, 1H, J=1.4 Hz), 8.72 (br, 1H), 9.23 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 570 (M+1)⁺.

Example 41 Synthesis of Compounds 42a and 42b

To a solution of 100 mg (0.16 mmol) of a mixture of Compounds 33a and 33b in 2 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide were added 100 mg (0.9 mmol) of 4-mercaptopyridine and 22 mg (0.16 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99.8/0.2) to give 70 mg (63%) of a mixture of diacetylated Compounds 42a and 42b.

FAB-MS (m/z); 703 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 70 mg (0.10 mmol) of the mixture of diacetylated compounds to give 3.3 mg (5.3%) of Compound 42a and 5.2 mg (8.4%) of Compound 42b.

Compound 42a

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.09 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.9 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 3.44 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.9 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 5.05 (d, 2H, J=5.9 Hz), 6.39 (s, 1H), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.39 (t, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=6.4 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.96 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.071 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.074 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.25 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.40 (d, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 8.71 (s, 1H), 9.98 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 619 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 42b

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.39 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.36 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 4.12 (s, 3H), 4.46 (d, 2H, J=3.4 Hz), 4.83 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.93 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 6.15 (s, 1H), 6.93 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.11-7.29 (br, 5H), 7.22-7.58 (br, 2H), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 8.04 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 8.48 (d, 1H, J=2.7 Hz), 8.51 (s, 1H), 9.22 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 619 (M+1)⁺.

Example 42 Synthesis of Compound 43

To a solution of 211 mg (0.30 mmol) of Compound 24 in 4 ml of chloroform/methanol (3/1) was added 56 mg (0.80 mmol) of sodium methanethiolate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 125 mg (57%) of diacetylated Compound 43.

FAB-MS (m/z); 728 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 125 mg (0.017 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 43 to give 48 mg (44%) of Compound 43.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.07 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 4.17 (d, 2H, J=2.9 Hz), 5.14 (d, 2H, J=4.6 Hz), 6.50 (br, 1H), 7.26 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 8.03 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.04 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.13 (dd, 1H, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz), 8.17 (dd, 1H, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz), 8.65 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.78 (br, 1H), 9.93 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 644 (M+1)⁺.

Example 43 Synthesis of Compound 44

To a solution of 50 mg (0.07 mmol) of Compound 24 in 2 ml of methylene chloride was added 59 mg (0.7 mmol) of sodium ethanethiolate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol 99.8/0.2) to give 19.7 mg (36%) of diacetylated Compound 44.

FAB-MS (m/z); 756 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 19 mg (0.025 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 44 to give 12.5 mg (67%) of Compound 44.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.22 (t, 3H, J=7.5 Hz), 1.23 (t, 3H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.08 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.9 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.60 (br, 4H), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.9 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.07 (br, 2H), 4.19 (d, 2H, J=4.2 Hz), 5.14 (br, 2H), 6.49 (br, 1H), 7.26 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 8.03 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.04 (dd, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.13 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 9.0 Hz), 8.16 (dd, 1H, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz), 8.65 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.79 (br, 1H), 9.94 (dc, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 672 (M+1)⁺.

Example 44 Synthesis of Compound 45

To a solution of 100 mg (0.16 mmol) of Compound 24 in 3.5 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide/methanol (6/1) were added 0.038 ml (0.32 mmol) of propanethiol and 44 mg (0.32 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a sated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=95/5) to give 32 mg (23%) of Compound 45.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆); 0.93 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 0.94 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 1.59 (qt, 2H, J=7.2, 7.3 Hz), 1.60 (tq, 2H, J=7.3, 7.2 Hz), 2.07 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 13.1 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.57 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 2.58 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 13.1 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 4.15 (d, 2H, J=5.1 Hz), 5.14 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.50 (br, 1H), 7.26 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.3 Hz), 8.03 (d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 8.04 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 8.12 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.9 Hz), 8.16 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.7 Hz), 8.65 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz), 8.80 (br, 1H), 9.93 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 700 (M+1)⁺.

Example 45 Synthesis of Compound 46

To a solution of 70 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 24 in 3.5 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide/methanol (6/1) were added 23 mg (0.30 mmol) of 2-hydroxyethanethiol and 50 mg (0.36 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 day. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 40 mg (51%) of diacetylated Compound 46.

FAB-MS (m/z); 784 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 40 mg (0.051 mmol) of diacetyl Compound 46 to give 20 mg (56%) of Compound 46.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.07 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.3 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.67 (br, 4H), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.3 Hz), 3.59 (br, 4H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 4.22 (d, 2H, J=5.9 Hz), 4.82 (br, 2H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 7.26 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.6 Hz), 8.04 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.05 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 8.13 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 9.0 Hz), 8.16 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.7 Hz), 8.65 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.81 (s, 1H), 9.93 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 700 (M+1)⁺.

Example 46 Synthesis of Compound 47

To a solution of 100 mg (0.16 mmol) of Compound 24 in 2 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide were added 100 mg (0.9 mmol) of 4-mercaptopyridine and 44 mg (0.32 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99.8/0.2) to give 67 mg (63%) of diacetylated Compound 47.

FAB-MS (m/z); 854 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 67 mg (0.10 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 47 to give 45 mg (58%) of Compound 47.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.08 (t, 1H, J=4.8, 14.3 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 3.47 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.3 Hz), 3.95 (s, 3H), 4.97 (s, 2H), 5.12 (d, 2H, J=4.9 Hz), 5.18 (s, 2H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 7.30 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.5 Hz), 7.37 (br, 4H), 8.07 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.10 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 8.19 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 9.0 Hz), 8.29 (dd, 1H, J=1.8, 8.7 Hz), 8.21-8.57 (br, 4H), 8.76 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.86 (s, 1H), 9.99 (d, 1H, J=1.8 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 770 (M+1)⁺.

Example 47 Synthesis of Compound 48

To a solution of 160 mg (0.26 mmol) of Compound 24 in 2 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide were added 290 mg (2.6 mmol) of 2-mercaptopyridine and 83 mg (0.6 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99.8/0.2) to give 123 mg (55%) of diacetylated Compound 48.

FAB-MS (m/z); 854 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 20 mg (0.023 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 48 to give 10 mg (53%) of Compound 48.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.09 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 14.2 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 3.47 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.2 Hz), 3.95 (s, 3H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 5.02 (d, 2H, J=3.4 Hz), 5.10 (d, 2H, J=7.7 Hz), 6.52 (s, 1H), 7.01-7.27 (br, 5H), 7.41 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.66 (dt, 2H, J=1.1, 8.0 Hz), 8.06 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.29 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.37 (ddd, 2H, J=0.8, 4.1, 8.0 Hz), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 10.02 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 770 (M+1)⁺.

Example 48 Synthesis of Compound 49

To a solution of 140 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 24 in 3 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide were added 70 mg (0.60 mmol) of 2-mercaptopyridine and 50 mg (0.36 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=95/5) to give 17 mg (16%) of diacetylated Compound 49 and 15 mg (18%) of monoacetylated Compound 49.

Diacetylated Compound FAB-MS (m/z); 856 (M+1)⁺.

Monoacetylated Compound FAB-MS (m/z); 814 (+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 17 mg (0.020 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 49 to give 8.7 mg (56%) of Compound 49.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.09 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.0 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 3.30 (br, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 5.15 (d, 2H, J=2.7 Hz), 6.52 (s, 1H), 7.28-7.30 (m, 3H), 8.08 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.09 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.19 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.23 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.59 (d, 2H, J=4.9 Hz), 8.61 (d, 2H, J=4.9 Hz), 8.74 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.80 (br, 1H), 10.0 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 772 (M+1)⁺.

Example 49 Synthesis of Compound 50

To a solution of 105 mg (0.15 mmol) of Compound 24 in 1.8 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide/methanol (5/1) were added 38 mg (0.30 mmol) of 4-hydroxymercaptobenzene and 50 mg (0.36 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=9/1) to give 76 mg (63%) of Compound 50.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-4) δ; 2.08 (s, 3H), 2.09 (dd, 1H, J=2.7, 7.6 Hz), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.2 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.44 (br, 2H), 4.56 (d, 2H, J=5.1 Hz), 5.11 (d, 2H, J=4.4 Hz), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.73 (td, 4H, J=2.2, 8.9 Hz), 7.27 (m, 3H), 8.02 (d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 8.04 (d, 1H, J=1.7, 8.9 Hz), 8.09 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.9 Hz), 8.14 (dd, 1H, J=1.9, 8.9 Hz), 8.61 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.77 (s, 1H), 9.58 (s, 2H), 9.92 (d, 1H, J=1.4 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 800 (M+1)⁺.

Example 50 Synthesis of Compound 51

To a solution of 70 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 24 in 2 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide were added 25 mg (0.21 mmol) of 2-mercaptothiazoline and 28 mg (0.20 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To the mixture was added a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol, followed by stirring for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=9/1) to give 30 mg (38%) of Compound 51.

¹H-NMR (DMSO 8; 2.07 (br, 1H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.48 (br, 5H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 4.11 (t, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 4.15 (t, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 4.96 (s, 2H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 5.16 (d, 2H, J=2.7 Hz), 6.51 (s, 1H), 7.27 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.2 Hz), 8.06 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.13 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.17 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.68 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.82 (s, 1H), 9.96 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 786 (M+1)⁺.

Example 51 Synthesis of Compound 52

To a solution of 160 mg (0.26 mmol) of Compound 24 in 2 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide were added 290 mg (2.6 mmol) of 5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazole and 83 mg (0.6 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, and precipitates were removed by filtration. The filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=9/1) to give 50 mg (23%) of diacetylated Compound 52.

FAB-MS (m/z); 864 (M+1)⁺.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 50 mg (0.058 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 52 to give 20 mg (44%) of Compound 52.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆); 2.10 (d, 1H, J=4.8, 14.2 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 3.47 (d, 1H, J=7.5, 14.2 Hz), 3.95 (s, 3H), 4.05 (s, 6H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=4.8, 7.5 Hz), 8.08 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.10 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.16 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.21 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 9.98 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 780 (M+1)⁺.

Example 52 Synthesis of Compound 53

To a solution of 211 mg (0.30 mmol) of Compound 27 in 5 ml of chloroform/methanol (1/1) was added 56 mg (0.80 mmol) of sodium methanethiolate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfa. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 52 mg (26%) of Compound 53.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.07 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.87 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.1 Hz), 2.88 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.89 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.44 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.53 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 5.16 (d, 2H, J=3.9 Hz), 6.49 (s, 1H), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 8.03 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.04 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.12 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 9.0 Hz), 8.14 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.61 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 8.77 (br, 1H), 9.96 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 672 (M+1)⁺.

Example 53 Synthesis of Compound 54

To a solution of 110 mg (0.2 mmol) of Compound c in 5 ml of methylene chloride was added 0.16 ml (2 mmol) of acryloyl chloride, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes. To the mixture was gradually added 0.40 g (3 mmol) of aluminum chloride, followed by stirring for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium suite. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give diacetylated Compound 54. The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using the diacetylated Compound 54 to give 32 mg (25%) of Compound 54.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.07 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.50 (s, 6H), 3.37 (t, 2H, J=6.2 Hz), 3.45 (br, 1H), 3.46 (t, 2H, J=6.2 Hz), 3.80 (dt, 4H, J=1.2, 6.2 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 5.16 (d, 2H, J=3.9 Hz), 6.49 (s, 1H), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.2 Hz), 8.03 (dd, 2H, J=1.9, 9.0 Hz), 8.11 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 9.0 Hz), 8.13 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 9.0 Hz), 8.62 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz), 8.77 (br, 1H), 9.96 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 640 (M+1)⁺.

Example 54 Synthesis of Compound 55

To a solution of 126 mg (0.2 mmol) of Compound A in 5 ml of methylene chloride was added 0.21 ml (2.0 mmol) of n-butyl chloride, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes. To the mixture was gradually added 0.40 g (3 mmol) of aluminum chloride, followed by stirring, for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give diacetylated Compound 55. The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using the diacetylated compound to give 21 mg (25%) of Compound 55.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.01 (t, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 1.74 (tq, 2H, J=7.1, 7.3 Hz), 2.01 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.2 Hz), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.19 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.2 Hz), 3.93 (s, 3H), 5.13 (d, 2H, J=3.9 Hz), 6.45 (s, 1H), 7.19 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.64 (dd, 1H, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.02 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.12 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 9.0 Hz), 8.59 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.78 (s, 1H), 9.41 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 616, 618 (M+1)⁺.

Example 55 Synthesis of Compound 56

To a solution of 82 mg (0.15 mmol) of Compound c in 2 ml of methylene chloride was added 0.18 ml (1.5 mmol) of valeroyl chloride, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes. To the mixture was gradually added 0.27 g (2.0 mmol) of aluminum chloride, followed by stirring for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99/1) to give 59 mg (45%) of Compound 56.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.01 (t, 3H, J=7.6 Hz), 1.02 (t, 3H, J=7.6 Hz), 1.51 (br, 4H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.82 (br, 4H), 2.17 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.7 Hz), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 3.15 (br, 4H), 4.02 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.7 Hz), 4.03 (s, 3H), 5.38 (d, 2H, J=2.32 Hz), 6.99 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.4 Hz), 7.52 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.96 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.18 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.7 Hz), 8.19 (dd, 1H, J=1.8, 8.8 Hz), 8.57 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 9.82 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 720 (M+1)⁺.

Example 56 Synthesis of Compound 57

To a solution of 127 mg (0.2 mmol) of Compound 8 in 3.0 ml of chloroform were added 48 mg (0.1 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium bromide and 1 ml of methanol, followed by reflux for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99/1) to give 21 mg (13%) of Compound 57.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.82 (s, 3H), 2.18 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.5 Hz), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 4.05 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.5 Hz), 4.62 (d, 2H, J=4.9 Hz), 4.76 (d, 2H, J=1.0 Hz), 5.41 (d, 2H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.02 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.3 Hz), 7.58 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.01 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.23 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.25 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 8.64 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 9.88 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 794, 796, 798 (M+1)⁺.

Example 57 Synthesis of Compound 58

To a solution of 105 mg (0.18 mmol) of Compound d in 3 ml of methanol/chloroform (1/1) was added 6.8 mg (0.18 mmol) of sodium borohydride, followed by stirring under ice cooling for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99/1) to give 85 mg (81%) of Compound 58.

FAB-MS (m/z); 596 (M+1)⁺.

Example 58 Synthesis of Compound 59

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was r using the product obtained by repeating the same procedure as in Example 57 using 73 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 27 to give 37 mg (65%) of Compound 59.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.98 (br, 1H), 2.10 (br, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.22 (br, 2H), 3.37 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.9 Hz), 3.65 (br, 2H), 3.80 (br, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.85 (br, 2H), 5.10 (br, 2H), 5.43 (br, 1H), 5.48 (br, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 7.12 (dd, 1H, J=6.8, 7.3 Hz), 7.48 (br, 2H), 7.85 (br, 2H), 7.96 (d, 0.5H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.97 (d, 0.5H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.59 (s, 1H), 9.16 (d, 0.5H, J=1.5 Hz), 9.19 (d, 0.5H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 652 (M+1)⁺.

Example 59 Synthesis of Compound 60

The same procedure as in Example 57 was repeated using 100 mg (0.12 mmol) of Compound 40 to give 47 mg (51%) of Compound 60.

FAB-MS (m/z); 640 (M+1)⁺.

Example 60 Synthesis of Compound 61

The same procedure as in Example 20 was repeated using 68 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound H to give 8.7 mg (16%) of Compound 61.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 6H), 2.83 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.52 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.56 (s, 2H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.71 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 4.80 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 4.90 (br, 1H), 5.46 (br, 1H), 6.80 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.24 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.41 (br, 2H), 7.53 (dt, 1H, J=1.1, 7.1 Hz), 7.93 (br, 2H), 9.06 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 549 (M+1)⁺.

Example 61 Synthesis of Compound 62

In a 30-ml two-necked flask were plural 12.6 mg (0.018 mmol) of bistriphenylphosphine palladium (II) chloride and 4.2 mg (0.022 mmol) of CuI, and the atmosphere was replaced with argon. To the mixture was added a solution of 40 mg (0.059 mmol) of Compound 1 in 3 ml of methylene chloride/methylamine (2/1), followed by stirring at room temperature for 20 minutes. To the mixture was added 0.16 ml (1.5 mmol) of N-methyl-N-propargylbenzylamine, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. After insoluble materials were removed by filtration, the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methanol/chloroform=1/25) to give 12.3 mg (Z-form, 30%) of Compound 62.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.02 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.7 Hz), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 3.28 (d, 2H, J=9.5 Hz), 3.40 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.7 Hz), 3.57 (s, 2H), 3.66 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 5.05 (d, 1H, J=18.2 Hz), 5.10 (d, 1H, J=18.2 Hz), 6.42 (s, 1H), 7.17 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3), 7.29 (br, 1H), 7.37 (br, 4H), 7.58 (d, 1H, J=1.5, 8.8 Hz), 7.63 (d, 1H, J=2.2, 8.8 Hz), 7.94 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.11 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.74 (s, 1H), 9.40 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 704, 706 (M+1)⁺.

Example 62 Synthesis of Compound 63

To a solution of 71.4 mg (0.1 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 20 in 3 ml of methanol was added 25 mg of 10% Pd/C, followed by reflux in a hydrogen atmosphere for 1 hour. Insoluble materials were removed by filtration, and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 23.0 mg (Z-form, 33%) of Compound 63.

FAB-MS (m/z); 718 (M+1)⁺.

Example 63 Synthesis of Compound 64

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 23 mg (0.033 mmol) of Compound 63 to give 8.7 mg (41%) of Compound 64.

¹H-NMR (CD₃OD) δ; 2.11 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.1 Hz), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 2.44 (s, 6H), 3.43 (dd, 1H, J=7.7, 14.4 Hz), 3.55 (dd, 2H, J=1.5, 6.5 Hz), 3.67 (dd, 2H, J=1.5, 6.5 Hz), 4.02 (s, 3H), 5.03 (d, 2H, J=5.8 Hz), 5.74 (dt, 1H, J=6.5, 11.7 Hz), 5.80 (s, 1H), 6.87 (d, 1H, J=11.7 Hz), 6.88 (d, 1H, J=11.7 Hz), 7.05 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.7 Hz), 7.20-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 9.16 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 634 (M+1)⁺.

Example 64 Synthesis of Compound 65

To a solution of 1.16 g (0.64 mmol) of Compound e in 100 ml of acetonitrile was added 823 mg (2.4 mmol) of triphenylphosphine hydrobromide, followed by stirred at 80_C for 1 hour. To the mixture was added ethyl acetate, and the precipitated phosphonium salt was collected by filtration, and dried under reduced pressure to give 1.22 g (67%) of crude phosphonium salt. To a solution of 91 mg (0.1 mmol) of the phosphonium salt in 3 ml of methylene chloride were added 16.5 mg (1.3 mmol) of potassium carbonate and 3.0 mg (0.011 mmol) of 18-crown-6, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture was added 2.3 ml (5.0 mmol) of propionaldehyde, followed by stirring at room temperature for 4 days. The reaction mire was the pored into a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, followed by extraction with chloroform. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sue. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=200/1) to give 22.6 mg (E/Z=1/1, 37%) of Compound 65.

FAB-MS (m/s); 606 (M+1)⁺.

Example 65 Synthesis of Compound 66

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 22.6 mg (0.037 mmol) of Compound 65 to give 13.1 mg (E/Z=1/1, 68%) of Compound 66.

FAB-MS (m/s); 522 (+1)⁺.

Example 66 Synthesis of Compound 67

The same procedure as in Example 64 was repeated using 450 mg (0.64 mmol) of Compound K to give 367 mg (E/Z=1/1, 78%) of Compound 67.

FAB-MS (m/s); 732 (m+1)⁺.

Example 67 Synthesis of Compound 68

To a solution of 120 mg (0.02 mmol) of Compound f in 100 ml of acetonitrile was added 823 mg (2.4 mmol) of triphenylphosphine hydrobromide, followed by stirring at 80_C for 1 hour. To the mixture was then added ethyl acetate, and the precipitated phosphonium salt was collected by filtration, and dried under reduced pressure to give crude phosphonium salt. To a solution of the phosphonium salt in 3 ml of methylene chloride were added 26 mg (0.2 mmol) of potassium-t-butoxide and 6.0 mg (0.022 mmol) of 18-crown-6, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture was added 0.12 ml (0.25 mmol) of propionaldehyde, followed by stirring at room temperature for 4 days. The reaction mixture was the poured into a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, followed by exaction with chloroform. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfite. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give diacetylated Compound 68. The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using the diacetylated compound to give 17.0 mg (mixture of E and Z, 13%) of Compound 68.

FAB-MS (m/s); 576 (M+1)⁺.

Example 68 Synthesis of Compound 69

To a solution of 211 mg (0.3 mmol) of Compound 24 in 2 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was added 0.19 ml (1.5 mmol) of triethylsilane, followed by stirring under ice cooling for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was the poured into ice-cold water, and the resulting precipitates were collected by filtration, and washed with hexane. The product was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 150 mg (73%) of diacetylated Compound 69. The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 68 mg (0.1 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 69 to give 48 mg (81%) of Compound 69.

¹H-NMR (DMSO d) δ 1.98 (dd, 1H, J=3.8, 5.5 Hz), 2.13 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, 5H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.93 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.97 (t, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 5.01 (br, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 7.11 (dd, 1H, J=3.8, 7.2 Hz), 7.40 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.3 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.3 Hz), 7.84 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.97 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 8.63 (br, 1H), 9.08 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 592, 594, 596 (M+1)⁺.

Example 69 Synthesis of Compounds 70a, 70b and 70c

To a solution of 679 mg (1.2 mmol) of Compound 69 in 10 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was added 380 mg (23 mmol) of potassium iodide, followed by stirring at 90_C for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and then dried over sodium sulfate. After evaporation under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 300 mg (67%) of Compound 70a, 89 mg (15%) of Compound 70b, and 42 mg (5%) of Compound 70c.

Compound 70a

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.47 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 8.3 Hz), 3.40 (br, 9H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 4.26 (br, 1H), 4.86 (d, 1H, J=16.7 Hz), 4.93 (d, 1H, J=16.7 Hz), 5.91 (br, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.5 Hz), 7.28 (br, 2H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.72 (br, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.97 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 776 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 70b

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.43 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 14.3 Hz), 3.17 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.21 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.32 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.3 Hz), 4.00 (s, 3H), 4.23 (br, 1H), 4.50 (br, 4H), 4.84 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 4.93 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 6.00 (br, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.4 Hz), 7.32 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.34 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.4 Hz), 7.39 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 9.04 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 612 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 70c

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.95 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 14.0 Hz), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.92 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.16 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.34 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.0 Hz), 3.70 (m, 4H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.67 (t, 2H, J=5.3 Hz), 4.99 (d, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 6.28 (br, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.4 Hz), 7.32 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.4 Hz), 7.34 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.4 Hz), 7.78 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.82 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 8.59 (s, 1H), 9.03 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 556 (M+1)⁺.

Example 70 Synthesis of Compound 71

To a solution of 55 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 70c in 5 ml of methylene chloride were added 0.5 ml of triethylamine and 71 mg (0.4 mmol) of isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cooled 1 N hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=20/1) to give 32 mg (42%) of Compound 71.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.9 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 3.30 (br, 5H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 4.58 (dt, 2H, J=2.2, 6.7 Hz), 4.65 (t, 2H, J=6.7 Hz), 4.97 (br, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.1 Hz), 7.45 (d, 2H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.85 (br, 5H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.77 (d, 4H, J=6.1 Hz), 8.81 (d, 4H, J=6.1 Hz), 9.01 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 766 (M+1)⁺.

Example 71 Synthesis of Compounds 72a and 72b

The same procedure as in Example 23 was repeated using 110 mg (0.2 mmol) of Compound c and 0.32 ml (2.0 mmol) of methyloxalyl chloride give a product. The same procedure as in Example 68 was repeated using the obtained product to give 12.2 mg (11%) of Compound 72a and 37.2 mg (31%) of Compound 72b.

Compound 72a

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.72 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 14.4 Hz), 3.43 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.4 Hz), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.64 (d, 1H, J=16.3 Hz), 4.75 (d, 1H, J=16.3 Hz), 4.85 (br, 1H), 5.54 (br, 1H), 6.80 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.6 Hz), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.39 (dt, 1H, J=0.8, 7.3 Hz), 7.50 (s, 2H), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.91 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 8.82 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 540 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 72b

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.00 (dd, 1H, J=4.7, 14.0 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 1H), 3.65 (s, 6H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 5.00 (d, 2H, J=5.4 Hz), 6.33 (s, 1H), 7.12 (dd, 1H, J=4.7, 7.1 Hz), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.95 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 8.62 (br, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 612 (M+1)⁺.

Example 72 Synthesis of Compounds 73a, 73b and 73c

The same procedure as in Examples 68 and 69 was repeated using 141 mg (0.2 mmol) of Compound 27 to give 56 mg (67%) of Compound 73a, 3.0 mg (2.4%) of Compound 73b and 27 mg (23%) of Compound 73c.

Compound 73a

FAB-MS (m/s); 804 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 73b

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.10-2.18 (m, 4H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.29 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.3 Hz), 22.92 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.94 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 3.27 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.3 Hz), 4.24 (s, 3H), 4.26 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 4.28 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 5.02 (d, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 6.09 (br, 1H), 6.88 (dd, 1H, J=2.7, 4.7 Hz), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.42 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 7.72 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 9.14 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 640 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 73c

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ; 1.85 (s, 4H), 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.81 (dt, 4H, J=10.0, 16.0 Hz), 3.33 (dd, 1H, J=7.1, 14.1 Hz), 3.50 (t, 4H, J=6.4 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.49 (br, 2H), 4.99 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 6.27 (S, 1H), 7.07 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.32 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.78 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 9.03 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 584 (M+1)⁺.

Example 73 Synthesis of Compound 74

To a solution of 31 mg (0.05 mmol) of Compound 22 in 3 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was added 15 mg of 10% Pd/C, followed by stirring in a hydrogen atmosphere at 60_C for 5 hours. After insoluble materials were removed by filtration, the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 12 mg (20%) of Compound 74.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.05 (br, 4H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.44 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.88 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.92 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 3.32 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.4 Hz), 3.47 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 3.48 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 3.78 (s, 6H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 4.12 (br, 1H), 4.85 (d, 1H, J=15.8 Hz), 4.92 (d, 1H, J=15.8 Hz), 5.93 (br, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.30 (br, 2H), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.70 (d, 1H, J=1.3 Hz), 7.74 (d, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 8.98 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 612 (M+1)⁺.

Example 74 Synthesis of Compound 75

To a solution of 50 mg (0.06 mmol) of Compound 70a in 3 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was added 0.5 ml of piperidine, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Water was added to the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=10/1) to give 10 mg (15%) of Compound 75.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.55 (br, 10H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.31 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.6 Hz), 2.53 (br, 8H), 2.66 (br, 2H), 2.74 (br, 2H), 3.02 (br, 2H), 3.26 (dd, 1H, J=6.8, 7.5 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.93 (d, 2H, J=10.2 Hz), 6.09 (br, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.35 (br, 3H), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.74 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 9.08 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 690 (M+1)⁺.

Example 75 Synthesis of Compound 76

The same procedure as in Example 74 was repeated using 50 mg (0.06 mmol) of Compound 70a and 0.5 ml of morpholine to give 24 mg (59%) of Compound 76.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.29 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.69 (br, 8H), 2.71 (br, 4H), 3.01 (br, 4H), 3.26 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.4 Hz), 3.78 (br, 8H), 3.89 (br, 1H), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.98 (d, 2H, J=4.9 Hz), 6.11 (s, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.34 (br, 2H), 7.70 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.74 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 9.12 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 694 (M+1)⁺.

Example 76 Synthesis of Compound 77

The same procedure as in Example 74 was repeated using 50 mg (0.06 mmol) of Compound 70a and 0.5 ml of diethylamine to give 7.3 mg (18%) of Compound 77.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.12 (t, 6H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.14 (t, 6H, J=7.2 Hz), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.37 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.68 (q, 4H, J=7.2 Hz), 2.72 (q, 4H, J=7.2 Hz), 2.83 (br, 4H), 2.95 (br, 4H), 3.29 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.4 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.88 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.96 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 6.05 (br, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.29 (br, 2H), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 9.03 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 666 (M+1)⁺.

Example 77 Synthesis of Compound 78

The same procedure as in Example 74 was repeated using 50 mg (0.06 mmol) of Compound 70a and 1 ml of N-methylethanolamine to give 8.3 mg (21%) of Compound 78.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.60 (br, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.31 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.64 (t, 2H, J=5.1 Hz), 2.66 (t, 2H, J=5.1 Hz), 3.01 (br, 4H), 3.26 (br, 5H), 3.59 (t, 2H, J=5.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.61 (t, 2H, J=5.1, 14.4 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.89 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 6.19 (br, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.28 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.31 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.69 (br, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 9.09 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 670 (M+1)⁺.

Example 78 Synthesis of Compound 79

The same procedure as in Example 74 was repeated using 50 mg (0.06 mmol) of Compound 70a and 0.5 ml of a 1.0 N solution of methylamine in ethanol to give 12 mg (34%) of Compound 79.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.23 (br, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.94 (br, 2H), 3.00 (br, 6H), 3.25 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.88 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.95 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 6.21 (br, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.1 Hz), 7.29 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.31 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.39 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 9.08 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 582 (M+1)⁺.

Example 79 Synthesis of Compound 80

To a solution of 78 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 70a in 3 ml of methylene chloride was added 0.78 ml (6.0 mmol) of p-methoxybenzylamine, followed by reflux for 1 day. Water was added to the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=10/1) to give 47 mg (59%) of Compound 80.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.33 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 3.02 (br, 8H), 3.25 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.764 (s, 3H), 3.769 (s, 3H), 3.773 (s, 4H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.79 (d, 1H, J=16.7 Hz), 4.87 (d, 1H, J=16.7 Hz), 6.10 (br, 1H), 6.63-7.03 (br, 5H), 7.10-7.34 (br, 7H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 9.05 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 794 (M+1)⁺.

Example 80 Synthesis of Compound 81

To a solution of 20 mg (0.026 mmol) of Compound 70a in 3 ml of dimethylsulfoxide was added 9.8 mg (0.15 mmol) of sodium azide, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight.

Water was added to the reaction mixture, and precipitates were removed by filtration. After the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=20/1) to give 14 mg (89%) of Compound 81.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-4) δ; 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.9 Hz), 2.13 (s, 3H), 3.05 (t, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 3.09 (t, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 3.36 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.9 Hz), 3.66 (t, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 3.69 (t, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 5.00 (br, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 7.10 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.39 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.41 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.84 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.95 (dd, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.62 (br, 1H), 9.09 (dd, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 606 (M+1)⁺.

Example 81 Synthesis of Compound 82

The same procedure as in Example 74 was repeated using 50 mg (0.06 mmol) of Compound 73a and 2.0 ml of piperidine to give 16 mg (36%) of Compound 82.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.43 (br, 4H), 1.60 (br, 12H), 1.90 (br, 4H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.31 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.38-2.50 (br, 8H), 2.78-2.86 (br, 4H), 3.27 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.97 (d, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 6.07 (br, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.30 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.700 (d, 4H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.703 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 9.07 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 718 (M+1)⁺.

Example 82 Synthesis of Compound 83

The same procedure as in Example 74 was repeated using 50 mg (0.06 mmol) of Compound 73a and 0.3 ml of morpholine to give 11 mg (26%) of Compound 83.

HNMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.81 (br, 4H), 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 14.9 Hz), 2.19 (br, 12H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.83 (br, 4H), 3.59 (br, 9H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.98 (d, 2H, J=4.6 Hz), 6.28 (br, 1H), 7.07 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.3 Hz), 7.32 (d, 1H, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz), 7.33 (d, 1H, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz), 7.77 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.81 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz), 8.57 (s, 1H), 9.04 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 722 (M+1)⁺.

Example 83 Synthesis of Compound 84

The same procedure as in Example 74 was repeated using 50 mg (0.06 mmol) of Compound 73a and 0.5 ml of diethylamine to give 7.9 mg (19%) of Compound 84.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 0.97 (t, 6H, J=7.1 Hz), 0.98 (t, 6H, J=7.1 Hz), 1.81 (br, 12H), 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.5 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.28 (t, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 2.30 (t, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 2.41-2.49 (br, 4H), 3.30 (br, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.99 (d, 2H, J=5.4 Hz), 6.28 (s, 1H), 7.07 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.32 (dd, 1H, J=1.9, 8.5 Hz), 7.33 (dd, 1H, J=1.9, 8.5 Hz), 7.77 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.56 (s, 1H), 9.04 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 694 (M+1)⁺.

Example 84 Synthesis of Compound 85

Step A

To a solution of 1.0 g (1.25 mmol) of Compound 73a in 10 ml of dimethylsulfoxide was added 488 mg (7.5 mmol) of sodium azide, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Water was added to the reaction mixture, and precipitates were collected by filtration. To a solution of 310 mg (about 0.43 mmol) of the obtained product in 5.0 ml of chloroform/methanol (9/1) was added 2.6 g (10 mmol) of triphenylphosphine, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the action mixture was added water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfite. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 497 mg (quantitative) of a diamino compound.

Step B

To a solution of 58 mg (0.1 mmol) of the diamino compound in 2.0 ml of methylene chloride was added 0.075 ml (0.5 mmol) of ethyl isocyanate, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=10/1) to give 2.0 mg (2.7%) of Compound 85.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₄) δ; 0.99 (t, 3H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.00 (t, 3H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.78 (br, 4H), 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 14.1 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.76 (br, 4H), 3.10 (br, 8H), 3.37 (br, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 5.00 (br, 2H), 5.74 (br, 2H), 5.86 (br, 2H), 6.28 (br, 1H), 7.07 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.3 Hz), 7.31 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.78 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 8.58 (s, 1H), 9.03 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 724 (M+1)⁺.

Example 85 Synthesis of Compound 86

To a solution of 58 mg (0.1 mmol) of the diamino compound obtained in Example 84, Step A in 2.0 ml of methylene chloride were added 0.5 ml of pyridine and 91 mg (0.5 mmol) of di-t-butyl dicarbonate followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium suite. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=10/1) to give 8.0 mg (10%) of Compound 86.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.45 (s, 18H), 1.92 (br, 4H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.40 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 14.4 Hz), 2.80 (br, 4H), 3.23 (br, 4H), 3.31 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.67 (br, 2H), 4.79 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.89 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 5.98 (br, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.3 Hz), 7.25-7.29 (m, 22H), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.65 (br, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 8.95 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 782 (M+1)⁺.

Example 86 Synthesis of Compound 87

The same procedure as in Example 68 was repeated using 45 mg (0.070 mmol) of Compound 43 to give 20 mg (46%) of Compound 87.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.8 Hz), 2.14 (s, 6H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.79-2.89 (br, 4H), 2.97-3.09 (br, 4H), 3.35 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.8 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 5.00 (br, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.36 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.38 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.80 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.90 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.59 (br, 1H), 9.05 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 616 (M+1)⁺.

Example 87 Synthesis of Compound 88

The same procedure as in Example 68 was repeated using 886 mg (1.3 mmol) of Compound 44 to give 710 mg (85%) of Compound 88.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.31 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 1.33 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.60-2.68 (m, 5H), 2.86 (br, 2H), 2.94 (br, 2H), 3.06 (br, 2H), 3.12 (br, 2H), 3.37 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.75 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 4.83 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 5.73 (s, 1H), 6.82 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.24 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.29 (d, 1H, J=18.3 Hz), 7.33 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 7.80 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.85 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 644 (M+1)⁺.

Example 88 Synthesis of Compound 89

To a solution of 77 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 70a in 2 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide were added 0.025 ml (0.24 mmol) of methyl 2-mercaptoacetate and 138 mg (1.0 mmol) of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The exact was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium suite. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=20/1) to give 37 mg (51%) of Compound 89.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.96 (dd, 1H, J=5.3, 14.0 Hz), 2.13 (s, 3H), 3.00 (br, 8H), 3.30 (br, 1H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 5.01 (br, 2H), 6.31 (br, 1H), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J=5.3, 7.7 Hz), 7.35 (dd, 1H, J=1.6, 8.7 Hz), 7.37 (dd, 1H, J=1.6, 8.7 Hz), 7.81 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.84 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.89 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 9.04 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 732 (M+1)⁺.

Example 89 Synthesis of Compound 90

The same procedure as in Example 88 was repeated using 77 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 70a and 0.027 ml (0.24 mmol) of ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate to give 43 mg (55%) of Compound 90.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.23 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 1.26 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.18 (br, 3H), 2.59-3.62 (br, 5H), 2.83-2.89 (m, 6H), 2.96 (br, 2H), 3.02-3.07 (br, 2H), 3.10-3.16 (m, 2H), 3.37 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.4 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.15 (m, 4H), 4.73 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.75 (br, 1H), 4.83 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 5.76 (br, 1H), 6.83 (dt, 1H, J=4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.23 (dd, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.27 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.32 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.83 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 788 (M+1)⁺.

Example 90 Synthesis of Compound 91

The same procedure as in Example 68 was repeated using 65 mg (0.081 mmol) of Compound 50 to give 42 mg (67%) of Compound 91.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.7, 7.9 Hz), 2.08 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.05 (br, 4H), 3.15-3.21 (br, 4H), 3.39 (br, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 5.00 (br, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 6.79 (dt, 4H, J=2.2, 8.8 Hz), 7.32 (br, 10H), 7.79 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.86 (s, 1H), 9.04 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 9.54 (s, 1H), 9.55 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 772 (M+1)⁺.

Example 91 Synthesis of Compound 92

The same procedure as in Example 68 was repeated using 38 mg (0.05 mmol) of Compound 51 to give 22 mg (56%) of Compound 92.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.8 Hz), 2.06 (s, 8H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.36 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.8 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.94 (t, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 3.97 (t, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 5.01 (br, 2H), 6.30 (br, 1H), 7.10 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J=1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.84 (d, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.98 (d, 1H, J=1.4 Hz), 8.63 (br, 1H), 9.08 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 756 (M+1)⁺.

Example 92 Synthesis of Compound 93

The same procedure as in Example 46 was repeated using 31 mg (0.05 mmol) of Compound 69 to give 10 mg (26%) of Compound 93.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.30 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.2 Hz), 3.17-3.21 (br, 2H), 3.33 (t, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 3.42-3.46 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.63 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.99 (br, 1H), 6.27 (br, 1H), 6.88 (dt, 1H, J=4.9, 7.0 Hz), 7.09 (d, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 7.12 (d, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 7.31 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.3 Hz), 7.33 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 8.21 (d, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 8.34 (d, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 9.19 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 742 (M+1)⁺.

Example 93 Synthesis of Compound 94

The same procedure as in Example 47 was repeated using 77 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 70a to: give 21 mg (28%) of Compound 94.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.78 (dd, 1H, J=4.7, 14.4 Hz), 3.14 (br, 2H), 3.27 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.4 Hz), 3.50 (br, 2H), 3.63 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 4.03 (s, 3H), 4.69 (br, 1H), 5.08 (br, 1H), 5.45 (br, 3H), 6.79 (dd, 1H, J=4.7, 7.4 Hz), 6.99 (br, 2H), 7.25 (br, 4H), 7.40 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.48 (br, 2H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.52 (br, 2H), 8.78 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 742 (M+1)⁺.

Example 94 Synthesis of Compound 95

The same procedure as in Example 68 was repeated using 60 mg (0.089 mmol) of Compound 53 to give 20 mg (35%) of Compound 95.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d) δ; 1.95 (m, 5H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.55 (t, 4H, J=7.6 Hz), 2.86 (t, 2H, J=7.6 Hz), 2.88 (t, 2H, J=7.6 Hz), 3.34 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.99 (d, 2H, J=4.9 Hz), 6.28 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.32 (dd, 1H, J=2.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.38 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.79 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 7.84 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.57 (br, 1H), 9.04 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 644 (M+1)⁺.

Example 95 Synthesis of Compound 96

The same procedure as in Example 88 was repeated using 80 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 73a and 34 mg (0.20 mmol) of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole to give 35 mg (40%) of Compound 96.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆)°; 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.0 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.18-2.22 (m, 4H), 2.96-3.00 (m, 4H), 3.33 (br, 3H), 3.44 (t, 2H, J=2.8 Hz), 3.91 (s, 3H), 4.97 (br, 2H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.26-7.52 (m, 6H), 7.80-8.00 (m, 7H), 8.56 (br, 1H), 9.07 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 882 (M+1)⁺.

Example 96 Synthesis of Compound 97

To a solution of 335 mg (1.5 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate in 5 ml of N,N-diethylformamide was added 1.82 mg (6.0 mmol) of bis(o-tolyl)phosphine, followed by stirring in an argon stream at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture were added a solution of 3.29 g (5.0 mmol) of Compound B in 30 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, 0.60 ml (80 mmol) of triethylamine and 0.28 ml (2.1 mmol) of 2-vinylpyridine, followed by stirring at 60_C for 3 hours. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=50/1) to give 2.24 g (66%) of Compound 97.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.79 (s, 3H), 2.13 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 15.4 Hz), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 3.99 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 15.4 Hz), 4.02 (s, 3H), 5.35 (br, 2H), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.3 Hz), 7.15 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.48 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.69 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.78 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 8.01 (br, 2H), 8.08 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 7.8 Hz), 8.46 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.63 (ddd, 1H, J=0.7, 1.7, 4.9 Hz), 9.29 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 10.20 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 683 (M+1)⁺.

Example 97 Synthesis of Compound 98

The same procedure as in Example 57 was repeated using 10 g (0.4 mmol) of Compound 97 to give 870 mg (87%) of Compound 98.

FAB-MS (m/s); 685 (M+1)⁺.

Example 98 Synthesis of Compound 99

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 174 mg (0.25 mmol) of Compound 98 to give 150 mg (98%) of Compound 99.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.04 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.9 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.42 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.9 Hz), 4.72 (s, 2H), 5.02 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 6.34 (s, 1H), 7.17 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.26-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.46 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.1 Hz), 7.65 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.85-7.89 (m, 6H), 8.61 (dd, 1H, J=1.0, 3.9 Hz), 9.46 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz). FAB-MS (m/s); 685 (M+1)⁺.

Example 99 Synthesis of Compound 100

To a solution of 100 mg (0.15 mmol) of Compound 98 in 5 ml of methylene chloride were added 54 mg (0.36 mmol) of t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride, 75 mg (0.75 mmol) of imidazole and 0.5 ml of triethylamine, followed by stirring for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform. The reaction was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was triturated with hexane to give 110 mg (92%) of Compound 100.

FAB-MS (m/z); 799 (M+1)⁺.

Example 100 Synthesis of Compound 101

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 40 mg (0.25 mmol) of Compound 100 to give 27 mg (68%) of Compound 101.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 0.21 (s, 6H), 1.03 (s, 9H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.84 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.50 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.4 Hz), 4.03 (s, 3H), 4.46 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.63 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.94 (s, 2H), 5.52 (br, 1H), 6.73 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.5 Hz), 7.14 (br, 2H), 7.16 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.42 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.44 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.50 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.66 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 7.5 Hz), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.61 (d, 1H, J=3.9 Hz), 8.95 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 715 (M+1)⁺.

Example 101 Synthesis of Compound 102

To a solution of 90 mg (0.15 mmol) of Compound 99 in 3.0 ml of chloroform/methanol (5/1) was added 104 mg (0.45 mmol) of camphor sulfonic acid, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 day. The reaction mixture was poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=20/1) to give 64 mg (52%) of Compound 102.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.04 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.1 Hz), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 5.01 (d, 1H, J=17.2 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1H, J=17.2 Hz), 6.38 (s, 1H), 7.17 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.29 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.46 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 8.7 Hz), 7.61 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.79 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.87 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.7 Hz), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.99 (d, 1H, J=11.0 Hz), 8.59 (d, 1H, J=3.8 Hz), 8.69 (s, 1H), 9.45 (d, 1H, J=1.4 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 615 (M+1)⁺.

Example 102 Synthesis of Compound 103

The same procedure as in Example 101 was repeated using a solution of 60 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 99 in 3.0 ml of methylene chloride/ethanol (2/1) and 255 mg (1.1 mol) of camphorsulfonic acid to give 23 mg (41%) of Compound 103.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.33 (t, 3H, J=6.9 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.62 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.5 Hz), 3.44 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.5 Hz), 3.66 (q, 2H, J=6.9 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.67 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 4.71 (s, 2H), 4.82 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 5.77 (s, 1H), 6.82 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.14 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.21 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.32 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.64 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.68 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.80 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 8.63 (dd, 1H, J=10.7, 3.9 Hz), 9.21 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 629 (M+1)⁺.

Example 103 Synthesis of Compound 104

To a solution of 137 mg (0.20 mmol) of Compound 98 in 3.0 ml of methylene chloride was added 0.13 ml (2.0 mmol) of N,N-dimethylethanolamine and 510 mg (2.2 mol) of camphorsulfonic acid, followed by reflux for 1 day. The reaction was poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give diacetylated Compound 104. The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using the obtained diacetylated compound to give 21 mg (16%) of Compound 104.

¹¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.03 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.2 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.21 (m, 8H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 3.60 (t, 2H, J=5.9 Hz), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.69 (s, 2H), 4.99 (d, 1H, J=17.1 Hz), 5.05 (d, 1H, J=17.1 Hz), 6.37 (s, 1H), 7.17 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=16.0 Hz), 7.46 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.7 Hz), 7.61 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.67-7.97 (m, 5H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 8.58 (m, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 9.45 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 672 (M+1)⁺.

Example 104 Synthesis of Compound 105

To a solution of 60 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 99 in 2 ml of methylene chloride was added 0.042 ml (0.3 mmol) of trifluoroacetic anhydride, followed by stirring for 20 minutes. To the mixture was added 0.022 ml (0.3 mmol) of ethanethiol, followed by stirring overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=20/1) to give 26 mg (25%) of Compound 105.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.33 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.56 (q, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.68 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.46 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.85 (s, 2H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.65 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.69 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 5.75 (s, 2H), 6.81 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.18 (m, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.28 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.43 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.60 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.68 (dt, 1H, J=1.5, 7.6 Hz), 7.79 (br, 3H), 8.62 (dd, 1H, J=0.4, 3.7 Hz), 9.13 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 645 (M+1)⁺.

Example 105 Synthesis of Compound 106

The same procedure as in Example 103 was repeated using a solution of 137 mg (0.20 mmol) of Compound 98 in 3.0 ml of methylene chloride, 113 mg (0.8 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl/ethanethiol hydrochloride and 510 mg (2.2 mmol) of camphorsulfonic acid to give 6.1 mg (4.3%) of Compound 106.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.03 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.2 Hz), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 6H), 2.52 (br, 4H), 3.40 (br, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 4.99 (d, 1H, J=17.1 Hz), 5.03 (d, 1H, J=17.1 Hz), 6.37 (s, 1H), 7.17 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.47 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.9 Hz), 7.60 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.79 (dd, 1H, J=1.8, 8.9 Hz), 7.87 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.9 Hz), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.90 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.97 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.58 (m, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 9.45 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 688 (M+1)⁺.

Example 106 Synthesis of Compound 107

The same procedure as in Example 103 was repeated using a solution of 137 mg (0.20 mmol) of Compound 98 in 3.0 ml of methylene chloride, 111 mg (1.0 mmol) of 2-mercaptopyridine and 510 mg (2.2 mmol) of camphorsulfonic acid to give 33 mg (24%) of Compound 107.

¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ; 2.00 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.5 Hz), 2.13 (s, 3H), 3.40 (br, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 4.95 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 4.99 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 6.32 (s, 1H), 7.16 (dd, 2H, J=4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.24 (br, 1H), 7.29 (d, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.54 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.7 Hz), 7.60 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.67 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.79 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.88 (br, 3H), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.10 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.53 (br, 1H), 8.58 (br, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 9.44 (d, 1H, J=11.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 694 (M+1)⁺.

Example 107 Synthesis of Compound 108

The same procedure as in Example 103 was repeated using a solution of 68 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 98 in 3.0 ml of methylene chloride, 150 mg (1.0 mmol) of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and 510 mg (2.2 mmol) of camphorsulphonic acid to give 22 mg (30%) of Compound 108.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.99 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 3.38 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 6.9 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.79 (d, 2H, J=3.4 Hz), 4.84 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.93 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 6.30 (s, 1H), 7.18 (br, 5H), 7.24 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.28 (dd, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 7.38 (dd, 1H, J=1.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.60 (br, 2H), 7.79 (dt, 1H, J=1.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.87 (br, 2H), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.59 (d, 1H, J=1.8 Hz), 9.21 (s, 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 12.2 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 733 (M+1)⁺.

Example 108 Synthesis of Compound 109

To a suspension of 68 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 97 in 3.0 ml of methylene chloride were added 0.016 ml (0.22 mmol) of ethanethiol, and 0.018 ml (0.15 mol) of boron trifluoride etherate, followed by stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate, followed by extraction with chloroform. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium suite. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=20/1) to give 21 mg (27%) of Compound 109.

FAB-MS (m/s); 789 (M+1)⁺.

Example 109 Synthesis of Compound 110

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 21 mg (0.25 mmol) of Compound 109 to give 15 mg (88%) of Compound 110.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.22 (dt, 6H, J=2.5, 7.3 Hz), 2.03 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.58 (br, 4H), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.98 (d, 1H, J=17.1 Hz), 5.04 (t, 1H, J=17.1 Hz), 5.43 (s, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 7.18 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.25 (br, 1H), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.61 (br, 2H), 7.80 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.93 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.96 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.09 (d, 1H, J=1.4 Hz), 8.59 (dd, 1H, J=0.8, 3.2 Hz), 8.71 (s, 1H), 9.45 (d, 1H, J=0.6 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 705 (M+1)⁺.

Example 110 Synthesis of Compound 111

The same procedure as in Example 96 was repeated using 1.5 g (2.1 mmol) of Compound J to give 893 mg (62%) of Compound 111.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.81 (s, 3H), 2.16 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.6 Hz), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 4.01 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.6 Hz), 4.03 (s, 3H), 5.31 (d, 2H, J=2.0 Hz), 6.99 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.3 Hz), 7.18 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.52 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.56 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.72 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.82 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.03 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.8 Hz), 8.09 (d, 1H, J=1.3 Hz), 8.66 (dd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.6 Hz), 9.57 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz), 10.16 (s, 1H). 14 FAB-MS (m/z); 683 (M+1)⁺.

Example 111 Synthesis of Compound 112

The same procedure as in Example 57 was repeated using 750 mg (1.1 mmol) of Compound 111 to give 620 mg (82%) of Compound 112.

FAB-MS (m/z); 685 (M+1)⁺.

Example 112 Synthesis of Compound 113

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 620 mg (0.91 mmol) of Compound 112 to give 450 mg (83%) of Compound 113.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.99 (dt, 1H, J=5.0, 13.7 Hz), 2.16 (s, 3H), 3.17 (s, 1H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.67 (s, 2H), 5.09 (d, 2H, J=3.5 Hz), 7.13 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.3 Hz), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.6 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.48 (dd, 1H, J=0.5, 8.7 Hz), 7.60 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.80 (dt, 1H, J=1.6, 7.6 Hz), 7.84 (dd, 1H, J=1.2, 8.7 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 8.29 (d, 1H, J=0.9 Hz), 8.59 (d, 1H, J=4.0 Hz), 8.69 (s, 1H), 9.16 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 601 (M+1)⁺.

Example 113 Synthesis of Compound 114

The same procedure as in Example 99 was repeated using 82 mg (0.12 mmol) of Compound 112 to give 110 mg (72%) of Compound 114.

FAB-MS (m/z); 798 (M+1)⁺.

Example 114 Synthesis of Compound 115

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 30 mg (0.038 mmol) of Compound 114 to give 12 mg (44%) of Compound 115.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 0.13 (s, 3H), 0.15 (s, 3H), 0.97 (s, 9H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.73 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 14.4 Hz), 3.48 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.45 (d, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 4.68 (d, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 4.74 (d, 1H, J=12.2 Hz), 4.80 (d, 1H, J=12.2 Hz), 5.69 (br, 1H), 6.81 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.3 Hz), 7.08 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.19 (ddd, 1H, J=0.7, 4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.29 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.40 (dd, 1H, J=1.4, 8.5 Hz), 7.62 (br, 2H), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.60 (d, 1H, J=3.9 Hz), 8.75 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 715 (M+1)⁺.

Example 115 Synthesis of Compound 116

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 60 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 113 to give 37 mg (40%) of Compound 116.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.65 (d, 1H, J=15.0 Hz), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.49 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 15.0 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.324.66 (m, 4H), 5.86 (s, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.3 Hz), 6.99 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.10 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.36 (br, 2H), 7.39 (dd, 1H, J=0.5, 8.8 Hz), 7.60 (br, 4H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.57 (d, 1H, J=3.9 Hz), 8.72 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 615 (M+1)⁺.

Example 116 Synthesis of Compound 117

The same procedure as in Example 102 was repeated using 60 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 113 to give 32 mg (51%) of Compound 117.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.26 (t, 3H, J=7.2 Hz), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.63 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 14.4 Hz), 3.34 (dd, 1H, J=7.4, 14.4 Hz), 3.55 (q, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 4.10 (s, 3H), 4.50 (d, 1H, J=11.5 Hz), 4.57 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.58 (d, 1H, J=11.5 Hz), 4.77 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 5.81 (s, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.5 Hz), 7.15 (br, 2H), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.45 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.6 Hz), 7.64 (br, 3H), 7.74 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.84 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.87 (s, 1H), 8.61 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz), 8.86 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 629 (M+1)⁺.

Example 117 Synthesis of Compound 118

The same procedure as in Example 104 was repeated using 60 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 113 to give 30 mg (46%) of Compound 118.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.24 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.45 (q, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.62 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 14.5 Hz), 3.50 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.5 Hz), 3.71 (d, 1H, J=14.9 Hz), 3.77 (d, 1H, J=14.9 Hz), 4.10 (s, 3H), 4.46 (t, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.71 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 5.80 (s, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.3 Hz), 7.04 (d, 1H, J=16.7 Hz), 7.12 (ddd, 1H, J=0.7, 5.2, 7.6 Hz), 7.37 (br, 2H), 7.43 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.6 Hz), 7.62 (br, 3H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.59 (d, 1H, J=3.9 Hz), 8.75 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 645 (M+1)⁺.

Example 118 Synthesis of Compound 119

The same procedure as in Example 106 was repeated using 60 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 113 to give 28 mg (40%) of Compound 119.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.00 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.9 Hz), 2.16 (s, 3H), 3.32 (br, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 7.12 (br, 2H), 7.26 (br, 1H), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.54 (dd, 1H, J=2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.65 (br, 2H), 7.81 (br, 3H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, 1H, J=6.9 Hz), 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 8.70 (s, 1H), 9.28 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 694 (M+1)⁺.

Example 119 Synthesis of Compound 120

To a solution of 90 mg (0.15 mmol) of Compound 113 in 3.0 ml of methylene chloride was added 225 mg (1.0 mmol) of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and 695 mg (3.0 mmol) of camphorsulfonic acid, followed by reflux for 1 day. The reaction mixture was poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol (9/1). The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 26 mg (24%) of Compound 120.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.00 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 13.9 Hz), 2.16 (s, 3H), 3.92 (m, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 7.13 (br, 5H), 7.26 (dd, 1H, J=5.4, 6.9 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 7.59 (br, 3H), 7.84 (br, 3H), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=16.1 Hz), 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.59 (d, 1H, J=4.0 Hz), 8.71 (s, 1H), 9.30 (d, 1H, J=1.4 Hz), 12.6 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/s); 733 (M+1)⁺.

Example 120 Synthesis of Compound 121

The same procedure as in Example 96 was repeated using 146 mg (0.20 mmol) of Compound 67 to give 57 mg (mixture of E and Z, 40%) of Compound 121.

FAB-MS (m/s); 709 (M+1)⁺.

Example 121 Synthesis of Compound 122

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 57 mg (0.080 mmol) of Compound 121 to give 32 mg (64%) of Compound 122.

FAB-MS (m/s); 625 (M+1)⁺.

Example 122 Synthesis of Compound 123

The same procedure as in Example 62 was repeated using 68 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 100 to give 34 mg (50%) of Compound 123.

FAB-MS (m/s); 802 (M+1)⁺.

Example 123 Synthesis of Compound 124

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 40 mg (0.050 mmol) of Compound 123 to give 11 mg (31%) of Compound 124.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 0.19 (s, 6H), 1.02 (s, 9H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.51 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.23 (br, 4H), 3.34 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.38 (br, 1H), 4.80 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.88 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.96 (s, 2H), 5.89 (br, 1H), 6.83 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.11 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.16 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.28 (br, 2H), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.56 (dt, 1H, J=2.0, 7.6 Hz), 7.80 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.87 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz), 8.58 (ddd, 1H, J=0.73, 1.7, 3.9 Hz), 9.02 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 716 (M+1)⁺.

Example 124 Synthesis of Compounds 125a and 125b

To a solution of 80 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 123 in 6 ml of chloroform/methanol (5/1) was added 104 mg (0.45 mmol) of camphorsulfonic acid, followed by stirring at 40_C for 1 day.

The reaction mixture was poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol 20/1) to give 12 mg (17%) of Compound 125a and 38 mg (58%) of Compound 125b.

Compound 125a

FAB-MS (m/s); 701 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 125b

FAB-MS (m/z); 659 (M+1)⁺.

Example 125 Synthesis of Compound 126

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 38 mg (0.057 mmol) of Compound 125b to give 21 mg (60%) of Compound 126.

1H-NM. (CDCl₃) δ; 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.49 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.19 (br, 4H), 3.34 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.50 (s, 3H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 4.64 (d, 1H, J=16.7 hz), 4.65 (s, 2H), 4.75 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 6.04 (br, 1H), 6.82 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.3 Hz), 7.10 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.3 Hz), 7.14 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.22 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.28 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.8 Hz), 7.56 (t, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.57 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 8.93 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 617 (M+1)⁺.

Example 126 Synthesis of Compounds 127a and 127b

The same procedure as in Example 102 was repeated using 80 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 123 to give diacetylated Compounds 127a and 127b. The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compounds 127a and 127b to give 14.6 mg (23%) of Compound 127a and 11.0 mg (18%) of Compound 127b.

Compound 127a

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.33 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.58 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 14.4 Hz), 3.17 (br, 4H), 3.37 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.65 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.05 (s, 3H), 4.58 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.67 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.69 (s, 2H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 6.80 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.3 Hz), 7.11 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.15 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.17 (dd, 1H, J=1.8, 8.6 Hz), 7.23 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.43 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.56 (dt, 1H, J=1.8, 7.6 Hz), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.57 (br, 1H), 8.83 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 631 (M+1)⁺.

Compound 127b

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.98 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.14 (s, 3H), 3.29 (br, 4H), 3.36 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.71 (d, 2H, J=5.7 Hz), 4.98 (d, 2H, J=4.9 Hz), 5.21 (t, 1H, J=5.7 Hz), 6.30 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.21 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.32 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.35 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.6 Hz), 7.44 (dd, 1H, J=1.4, 8.6 Hz), 7.69 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.78 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.96 (s, 1H), 8.53 (ddd, 1H, J=0.7, 1.7, 4.5 Hz), 8.59 (s, 1H), 9.10 (d, 1H, J=1.4 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 603 (M+1)⁺.

Example 127 Synthesis of Compound 128

The same procedure as in Example 106 was repeated using 80 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 123 to give 42 mg (54%) of Compound 128.

FAB-MS (m/z); 780 (M+1)⁺.

Example 128 Synthesis of Compound 129

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was rated using 42 mg (0.057 mmol) of Compound 128 to give 13 mg (33%) of Compound 129.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.66 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.18 (br, 4H), 3.39 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.4 Hz), 4.06 (s, 3H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.63 (d, 1H, J=13.4 Hz), 4.70 (d, 1H, J=13.4 Hz), 5.71 (br, 1H), 6.77 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.02 (ddd, 1H, J=1.1, 1.2, 7.3 Hz), 7.12 (ddd, 1H, J=1.2, 4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.15 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.22 (d, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.55 (br, 4H), 7.81 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.52 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 1.7, 4.9 Hz), 8.59 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 1.9, 4.9 Hz), 8.78 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 679 (M+1)⁺.

Example 129 Synthesis of Compound 130

The same procedure as in Example 62 was repeated using 600 mg (0.057 mmol) of Compound 114 to give 423 mg (71%) of Compound 130.

FAB-MS (m/z); 801 (M+1)⁺.

Example 130 Synthesis of Compound 131

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 30 mg (0.037 mmol) of Compound 130 to give 9.0 mg (34%) of Compound 131.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 0.17 (s, 3H), 0.18 (s, 3H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.70 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.3 Hz), 3.26-3.36 (m, 4H), 3.39 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.3 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.67 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.73 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.92 (s, 2H), 5.70 (br, 2H), 5.70 (br, 1H), 6.79 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.16 (ddd, 1H, J=1.2, 4.9, 7.1 Hz), 7.20 (dt, 1H, J=1.0, 7.6 Hz), 7.28 (br, 2H), 7.41 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.62 (dt, 1H, J=1.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.68 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.78 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.60 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 2.0, 4.8 Hz), 8.90 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 717 (M+1)⁺.

Example 131 Synthesis of Compounds 132

The same procedure as in Example 101 was repeated using 80 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 130 to give diacetylated Compound 132. The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 132 to give 36.5 mg (59%) of Compound 132.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.86 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.28-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.47 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 4.06 (s, 3H), 4.434.59 (m, 4H), 5.70 (br, 1H), 5.75 (br, 1H), 6.73 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.15 (ddd, 1H, J=1.2, 4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.17 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.21 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.60 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 7.61 (dt, 1H, J=1.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.82 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.56 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 1.7, 4.9 Hz), 8.72 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 617 (M+1)⁺.

Example 132 Synthesis of Compounds 133

The same procedure as in Example 102 was repeated using 80 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 130 to give diacetylated Compound 133. The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 133 to give 4.9 mg (7.8%) of Compound 133.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.31 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.78 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.6 Hz), 3.48 (br, 4H), 3.71 (q, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 4.07 (s, 3H), 4.55-5.13 (m, 4H), 5.71 (br, 1H), 5.75 (br, 1H), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.3 Hz), 7.15 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.22 (br, 3H), 7.36 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.61 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 7.8 Hz), 7.64 (d, 1H, J=0.8 Hz), 7.80 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.57 (ddd, 1H, J=0.9, 1.9, 4.9 Hz), 8.83 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 631 (M+1)⁺.

Example 133 Synthesis of Compounds 134

The same procedure as in Example 104 was repeated using 80 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 130 to give diacetylated Compound 134. The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using diacetylated Compound 134 to give 16 mg (23%) of Compound 134.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.30 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.54 (q, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.78 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.18-3.34 (m, 4H), 3.52 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.88 (s, 3H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.53 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.63 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 5.68 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.15 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.22 (br, 3H), 7.36 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.61 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 7.8 Hz), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.58 (ddd, 1H, J=0.9, 1.7, 4.9 Hz), 8.76 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 647 (M+1)⁺.

Example 134 Synthesis of Compound 135

The same procedure as in Example 105 was repeated using 80 mg (0.10 mmol) of Compound 130 to give 16 mg (23%) of Compound 135.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.99 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 6H), 2.50 (br, 4H), 3.20 (br, 4H), 3.34 (dd, 1H, J=7.1, 14.1 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 4.91 (d, 1H, J=17.5 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1H, J=17.5 Hz), 6.29 (s, 1H), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.1 Hz), 7.23 (ddd, 1H, J=0.7, 4.9, 7.5 Hz), 7.33 (br, 2H), 7.44 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.4 Hz), 7.71 (dt, 1H, J=1.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.82-7.85 (m, 2H), 8.55 (ddd, 1H, J=0.7, 1.0, 4.9 Hz), 8.60 (s, 1H), 9.13 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 690 (M+1)⁺.

Example 135 Synthesis of Compound 136

The same procedure as in Example 106 was rep using 80 mg (0.1 mmol) of Compound 130 to give 45 mg (58%) of Compound 136.

FAB-MS (m/z); 780 (M+1)⁺.

Example 136 Synthesis of Compound 137

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 45 mg (0.058 mmol) of Compound 136 to give 24 mg (59%) of Compound 137.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.14 (s, 3H), 3.23 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.22-3.34 (m, 4H), 3.51 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.4 Hz), 4.04 (s, 3H), 4.55-4.68 (m, 4H), 5.59 (br, 1H), 6.77 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.01 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.16 (ddd, 1H, J=1.0, 2.4, 7.6 Hz), 7.23 (br, 4H), 7.34 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 8.6 Hz), 7.50 (ddd, 1H, J=1.9, 7.6, 7.9 Hz), 7.62 (dt, 1H, J=1.8, 7.6 Hz), 7.67 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 7.79 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.53 (ddd, 1H, J=0.7, 1.7, 4.7 Hz), 8.59 (ddd, 1H, J=0.7, 1.7, 4.9 Hz), 8.93 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 696 (M+1)⁺.

Example 137 Synthesis of Compound 138

To a solution of 290 mg (0.40 mmol) of Compound G in 3 ml of methanol/methylene chloride (1/1) was added 4.5 mg (0.12 mmol) of sodium borohydride, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water, followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 120 mg (75%) of a hydroxymethyl compound.

The same procedure as in Example 21 was repeated using 210 mg (0.29 mmol) of the obtained hydroxymethyl compound to give 60 mg (39%) of Compound 138.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.95 (br, 2H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.20 (br, 2H), 3.80 (br, 3H), 4.39 (s, 4H), 5.05 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 5.15 (t, 1H, J=6.03 Hz), 5.46 (s, 1H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 7.53 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.6 Hz), 7.55 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.8 Hz), 7.82 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.96 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.13 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 8.70 (Or, 1H), 9.33 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/s); 576 (M+1)⁺.

Example 138 Synthesis of Compound 139

The same procedure as in Example 9 was repeated using 48.2 mg (0.0630 mmol) of Compound 1 to give 29.0 mg (60%) of Compound 139.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.96 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.9 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.70-2.79 (m, 4H), 3.043.10 (m, 4H), 3.35 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 13.9 Hz), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 4.96 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 5.01 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 6.28 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.33-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.80 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.88 (m, 1H), 8.60 (br, 1H), 9.04 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 640 (M+1)⁺.

Example 139 Synthesis of Compound 140

The same procedure as in Example 9 was repeated using 41.8 mg (0.0962 mmol) of Compound 3 to give 27.0 mg (64%) of Compound 140.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.19 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 1.20 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 1.96 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 13.9 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.68-2.77 (m, 4H), 3.03-3.09 (m, 4H), 3.35 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 13.9 Hz), 3.91 (s, 3H), 4.08 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.09 (q, 2H, J=0.1 Hz), 4.96 (d, 1H, J=17.7 Hz), 5.01 (d, 1H, J=17.7 Hz), 6.28 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.2 Hz), 7.33-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.79 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.83 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.60 (or, 1H), 9.04 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 668 (M+1)⁺.

Example 140 Synthesis of Compound 141

The same procedure as in Example 5 was repeated using 3 mg (0.536 mmol) of 2-pyridylmethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and 82.8 mg (0.126 mmol) of Compound B to give 62.0 mg (E/Z=9/1, 67%) of Compound 141.

FAB-MS (m/z); 733 (M+1)⁺, 735 (M+1)⁺.

Example 141 Synthesis of Compound 142

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 62.0 mg (0.0846 mmol) of Compound 141 to give 36.6 mg (E/Z=9/1, 67%) of Compound 142.

FAB-MS (m/z); 649 (M+1)⁺, 651 (M+1)⁺.

Example 142 Synthesis of Compound 143

To a solution of 28.1 mg (0.0433 mmol) of Compound 142 in 0.5 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was added 2.6 mg of platinum oxide, followed by stirring in a hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 2 days. Insoluble materials in the reaction mixture were removed by filtration, and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=95/5) to give 10.6 mg (38%) of Compound 143.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.00 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.2 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.26 (m, 4H), 3.38 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.2 Hz), 3.91 (s, 3H), 4.94 (d, 1H, J=18.2 Hz), 5.00 (d, 1H, J=18.2 Hz), 6.31 (s, 1H), 7.14 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.55 (m, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 9.38 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 651 (M+1)⁺, 653 (M+1)⁺.

Example 143 Synthesis of Compound 144

The same procedure as in Example 5 was repeated using 547 mg (18.2 mmol) of 4-pyridylmethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 104 mg (0.171 mmol) of Compound a to give 42.2 mg (33%) of Compound 144.

FAB-MS (m/z); 758 (M+1)⁺.

Example 144 Synthesis of Compound 145

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 40.0 mg (0.0528 mmol) of Compound 144 to give 16.1 mg (45%) of Compound 145.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 2.06 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.3 Hz), 2.17 (s, 3H), 3.44 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.2 Hz), 3.95 (s, 3H), 5.09 (d, 1H, J=17.2 Hz), 5.14 (d, 1H, J=17.2 Hz), 6.44 (s, 1H), 7.20 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.5 Hz), 7.23 (d, 1H, J=16.3 Hz), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=16.3 Hz), 7.62-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J=16.3 Hz), 7.82 (d, 1H, J=16.3 Hz), 7.85 (m, 1H), 7.91 (m, 1H), 7.97-8.00 (m, 2H), 8.31 (d, 1H, J=1.4 Hz), 8.54-8.58 (m, 4H), 8.77 (s, 1H), 9.45 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 674 (M+1)⁺.

Example 145 Synthesis of Compound 146

The same procedure as in Example 9 was repeated using 21.3 mg (0.0316 mmol) of Compound 145 to give 6.7 mg (31%) of Compound 146.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆); 1.97 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.12 (s, 3H), 3.02-3.16 (m, 8H), 3.35 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.1 Hz), 3.91 (s, 3H), 4.93 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 4.97 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 6.30 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.3 Hz), 7.33-7.38 (m, 6H), 7.79-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.85 (m, 1H), 8.45-7.48 (m, 4H), 8.61 (m, 1H), 9.08 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 678 (M+1)⁺.

Example 146 Synthesis of Compound 147

To a methylene chloride (1 ml) solution of 70.0 mg (0.0824 mmol) of the coarse phosphonium salt, which was obtained by repeating the same method as in Example 64 using 51.3 mg (0.0883 mmol) of Compound e and 44.1 mg (0.128 mmol) of triphenylphosphine hydrobromide, were added 11.6 mg (0.0839 mmol) of potassium carbonate and 0.9 mg (0.0034 mmol) of 18-crown-6, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes. To the mixture was aided 10.2 mg (0.106 mmol) of 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde, followed by stirring at room temperature for 4 days. After insoluble material in the reaction mixture were removed by filtration, the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=95/5) to give 34.2 mg (69%) of Compound 147.

FAB-MS (m/z); 644 (M+1)⁺.

Example 147 Synthesis of Compound 148

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B was repeated using 34.2 mg (0.0532 mmol) of Compound 147 to give 22.3 mg (E/Z=1/3, 75%) of Compound 148.

FAB-MS (m/z); 560 (M+1)⁺.

Example 148 Synthesis of Compound 149

The same procedure as in Example 9 was repeated using 10.1 mg (0.0181 mmol) of Compound 148 to give 6.9 mg (69%) of Compound 149.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.99 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.1 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.04-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.19 (m, 2H), 3.37 (d, 1H, J=7.4, 14.1 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.98 (d, 1H, J=17.2 Hz), 5.03 (d, 1H, J=17.2 Hz), 6.33 (s, 1H), 7.02 (br, 2H), 7.10 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.4 Hz), 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 8.05 (m, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 9.09 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 562 (M+1)⁺.

Example 149 Synthesis of Compound 150

To a solution of 75.4 mg (0.124 mmol) of Compound a in 3 ml of chloroform were added 0.15 ml (1.31 mmol) of dimethyl malonate and 0.015 ml of piperidine, followed by stirring under reflux for 12 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was poured into 4N hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by trituration with methanol to give 88.9 mg (86%) of Compound 150.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.80 (s, 3H), 2.14 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.6 Hz), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.99 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.6 Hz), 4.01 (s, 3H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 4.09 (s, 3H), 5.36 (s, 2H), 7.00 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.5 Hz), 7.53 (d, 1H, J=9.3 Hz), 7.61-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.98 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 9.37 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 836 (M+1)⁺.

Example 150 Synthesis of Compound 151

The same procedure as in Example 9 was repeated using 81.7 mg (0.0978 mmol) of Compound 150 to give 65.9 mg (80%) of Compound 151.

FAB-MS (m/z); 840(M+1)⁺.

Example 151 Synthesis of Compound 152

To a mixed solution of 56.5 mg (0.0673 mmol) of Compound 151 in methylene chloride (3 ml)/methanol (0.6 ml) was added 32.8 mg of potassium carbonate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water, followed by extraction with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 33.4 mg (66%) of Compound 152.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.80 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 14.4 Hz), 3.37 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 3.41-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.53 (dd, 1H, J=6.8, 14.2 Hz), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.75 (m, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.95 (m, 1H), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.67 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.73 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 5.11 (br, 1H), 5.42 (s, 1H), 6.77 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 7.6 Hz), 7.14 (m, 1H), 7.18 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.69 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 756 (M+1)⁺.

Example 152 Synthesis of Compound 153

To a solution of 10 mg (0.016 mmol) of Compound 122 in 3 ml of methanol was added 10 mg of 10% Pd/C, followed by reflux in a hydrogen atmosphere for a day. Insoluble materials were removed by filtration, and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 2.7 mg (27%) of Compound 153.

¹HNMR (CDCl₃) δ; 0.97 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 1.40-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.78 (m, 2H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.35 (dd, 1H, J=4.7, 14.5 Hz), 2.83 (t, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 3.23-3.31 (m, 5H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.88 (d, 2H, J=1.7 Hz), 5.98 (br, 1H), 6.84 (dd, 1H, J=4.7, 7.3 Hz), 7.16 (d, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.26-7.36 (m, 4H), 7.60 (ddd, 1H, J=2.0, 5.9, 7.7 Hz), 7.68-7.73 (m, 3H), 8.61 (d, 1H, J=4.0 Hz), 9.04 (br s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 629 (M+1)+.

Example 153 Synthesis of Compound 154

To a solution of 67.9 mg (0.117 mmol) of Compound e in 3 ml of dichloromethane was added 0.02 ml (0.26 mmol) of chloromethyl methyl ether and 0.02 ml (0.12 mmol) of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. After addition of 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, the reaction mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was triturated with methanol to give 53.8 mg (74%) of diacetylated Compound 154.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ; 1.80 (s, 3H), 2.16 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.6 Hz), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.99 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.6 Hz), 4.01 (s, 3H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 5.41 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 5.46 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 7.02 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.5 Hz), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.09 (m, 1H), 9.23 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 625 (M)+.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B, was repeated using 51.2 mg (0.0819 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 154 to give 39.2 mg (88%) of Compound 154.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ; 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.74 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.46 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.4 Hz), 3.51 (s, 3H), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.67 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.75 (s, 2H), 4.78 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.88 (s, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.81 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.5 Hz), 7.29 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.51 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 8.93 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 541 (M)+.

Example 154 Synthesis of Compound 155

The procedure as in Example 153 was repeated using 49.1 mg (0.0804 mmol) of Compound f to give 24.8 mg (44%) of diacetylated Compound 155.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ; 1.81 (s, 3H), 2.17 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.4 Hz), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.99 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.4 Hz), 4.01 (s, 3H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 4.86 (s, 3H), 5.43 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 5.48 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 7.02 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.5 Hz), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 8.06 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 9.23 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 699 (M)+.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B, was repeated using 24.8 mg (0.0355 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 155 to give 19.9 mg (71%) of Compound 155.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ; 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.45 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.34 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.4 Hz), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 4.18 (s, 3H), 4.18 (s, 1H), 4.80 (s, 6H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 4.89 (d, 1H, J=15.8 Hz), 4.96 (d, 1H, J=15.8 Hz), 5.87 (s, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.5 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.82 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.90 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 9.16 (dc, 1H, J=1.0 HZ).

FAB-MS (m/z); 615 (M)+.

Example 155 Synthesis of Compound 156

The procedure as in Example 153 was repeated using 46.0 mg (0.0753 mmol) of Compound f and 0.02 ml (0.22 mmol) of chloromethyl ethyl ether to give 50.9 mg (94%) of diacetylated Compound 156.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ; 1.17 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 1.19 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 1.81 (s, 3H), 2.17 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.4 Hz), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 3.74 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.75 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.98 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 4.01 (s, 3H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 4.88 (s, 3H), 5.42 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 5.47 (d, 1H, J=17.6H), 7.01 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.3 Hz), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.90 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.05 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 9.23 (m, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 727 (M)+.

The same procedure as in Example 1, Step B, was repeated using 50.9 mg (0.0700 mmol) of diacetylated Compound 156 to give 23.1 mg (51%) of Compound 156.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ; 1.30 (t, 6H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.41 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 14.4 Hz), 3.32 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 14.4 Hz), 3.73 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.73 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.08 (s, 1H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 4.85 (s, 4H), 4.91 (d, 1H, J=16.8 Hz), 4.98 (, 1H, J=16.8 Hz), 5.91 (s, 1H), 6.88 (dd, 1H, J=4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.42 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.81 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.90 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 9.18 (c, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 643 (M)+.

Example 156 Synthesis of Compound 157

To a solution of 45.0 mg (0.0854 mmol) of Compound h in 2 ml of dichloromethane was added 0.1 ml (1.3 mmol) of 2-methoxyethanol and 36.2 mg (0.156 mmol) of (±) 10-camphorsulfonic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. After addition of saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (chloroform/methanol=95/5) to give 19.9 mg (36%) of Compound 157.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.42 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 14.3 Hz), 3.32 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 14.3 Hz), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.60-3.64 (m, 4H), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.17 (br, 1H), 4.77 (s, 2H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.89 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 4.97 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 5.95 (br, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.2 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.91 (s, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H.

FAB-MS (m/z); 643 (M)+.

Reference Example 1 Synthesis of Compound A

To a solution of 5.00 g (9.07 mmol) of Compound c (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88) in 100 ml of a 10% methanol/chloroform mixture was added 1.62 g (9.10 mmol) of N-bromosuccinimide under ice cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for 8.5 hours. The precipitated crystals were separated by filtration and dried to give 3.59 g (63%) of Compound A.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.82 (s, 3H), 2.18 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.5 Hz), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 4.00 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.5 Hz), 4.03 (s, 3H), 5.40 (d, 1H, J=17.5 Hz), 5.44 (d, 1H, J=17.5 Hz), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.5 Hz), 7.44 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 7.64 (dd, 1H, J=2.0, 8.7 Hz), 7.96 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 8.10 (m, 1H), 9.39 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 630 (M)⁺, 632 (M+2)⁺.

Reference Example 2 Synthesis of Compound B

A solution of 501 mg (0.794 mmol) of Compound A and 111 mg (0.792 mmol) of hexamethylenetetramine in 5 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was stirred under reflux for 4 hours, followed by addition of water. Resulting insoluble materials were collected by filtration, purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99/1) and then by methanol trituration to give 296 mg (57%) of Compound B.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ; 1.70 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.32 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 14.8 Hz), 2.68 (s, 3H), 3.90 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.8 Hz), 3.96 (s, 3H), 5.44 (d, 1H, J=17.7 Hz), 5.49 (d, 1H, J=17.7 Hz), 7.35 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.5 Hz), 7.69 (m, 1H), 8.05 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.13 (m, 1H), 8.21 (t, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 8.67 (m, 1H), 9.24 (d, 1H, J=1.9 Hz), 10.24 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 658 (M)⁺, 660 (M+2)⁺.

Reference Example 3 Synthesis of Compound C

Compound B (237 mg, 0.360 mmol), 64.2 mg (0.0556 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium and 44.6 mg (0.454 mmol) of potassium acetate were dissolved in 2 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, and the solution was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water, followed by extraction with chloroform. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99/1) to give 71.2 mg (34%) of Compound C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.79 (s, 3H), 2.15 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 14.7 Hz), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 4.00 (dd, 1H, J=7.7, 14.7 Hz), 4.02 (s, 3H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 7.02 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 7.7 Hz), 7.34 (m, 1H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.08 (m, 1H), 9.43 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 9.16 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 10.19 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 580 (M+1)⁺.

Reference Example 4 Synthesis of Compound D

To a solution of 1.02 g of Compound c (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588/88) in 50 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane was added dropwise 0.17 ml of fuming nitric acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. A saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to the reaction mixture, followed by exaction with chloroform. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=99/1) to give 537 mg (49%) of Compound D.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.82 (s, 3H), 2.26 (dd, 1H, J=5.4, 14.6 Hz), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 4.07 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.6 Hz), 5.38 (s, 2H), 6.99 (dd, 1H, J=5.4, 7.5 Hz), 7.48-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.96-8.08 (m, 2H), 8.03 (m, 1H), 10.02 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 597 (M+1)⁺.

Reference Example 5 Synthesis of Compound E

A solution of 50.0 mg (0.0839 mmol) of Compound D and 175 mg (1.25 mmol) of hexamethylenetetramine in 1 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was stirred under reflux for 2 hours. After addition of water, the reaction mixture was neutralized with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, followed by extension with chloroform. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave Compound E.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.83 (s, 3H), 2.29 (dd, 1H, J=5.3, 14.7 Hz), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 4.12 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 14.7 Hz), 5.34 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 5.40 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 7.02 (dd, 1H, J=5.3, 7.5 Hz), 7.54 (d, 1H, J=9.3 Hz), 8.07 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 8.15 (m, 1H), 8.37 (m, 1H), 8.50 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.90 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz), 10.24 (s, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 625 (M+1)⁺.

Reference Example 6 Synthesis of Compound F

Methanol (3 ml) was added to 1.4 g (60-65%, ca. 2.6 mmol) of mercury (II) nitrate monohydrate, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes. To the mixture were successively added a solution of 551 mg (1.0 mmol) of Compound c (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 295588188) in 12 ml of chloroform and 660 mg (2.6 mmol) of iodine, and the resulting mixture was stir at room temperature for one hour. The reaction mixture was poured into 150 ml (1 N) of an aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate, followed by extraction with chloroform. The extract was washed with water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform) to give 750 mg (93%) of Compound F.

¹H-NMR. (CDCl₃) δ; 2.14 (s, 3H), 3.00 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 14.5 Hz), 3.72 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.6 Hz), 4.09 (s, 3H), 4.31 (d, 1H, J=16.6), 4.59 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz), 5.39 (br, 1H), 5.54 (br, 1H), 6.78 (dd, 1H, J=6.0, 7.6 Hz), 7.13 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.45 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz), 7.72 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.76 (dd, 1H, J=1.7, 8.7 Hz), 8.16 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.83 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz).

FAB-MS (m/z); 804 (M+1)⁺.

Reference Example 7 Synthesis of Compound G

The same procedure as in Reference Example 6 was repeated using 23.4 mg (0.05 mmol) of K-252a to give 11 mg (86%) of Compound G.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ; 1.80 (s, 3H), 2.11 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 16.2 Hz), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 3.97 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 9.3 Hz), 4.00 (s, 3H), 5.32 (m, 2H), 6.93 (dd, 1H, J=2.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.78 (m, 2H), 8.32 (br, 1H), 9.52 (br, 1H).

FAB-MS (m/z); 720 (M+1)⁺.

Example 157 Spinal Cord ChAT Activity Assay

The effect of selected ring substituted K-252a derivatives on CHAT activity was assayed in dissociated spinal cord cultures prepared from fetal rats using the procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,146, Columns 26 and 27, Examples 6 and 7. ChAT is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and it is a specific biochemical marker for cholinergic neurons. In the spinal cord, the large majority of cholinergic neurons are motor neurons. Assay of this enzyme may thus be used as an indication of the effects of a factor, or actors, on the survival of cholinergic neurons and/or regulation of this enzyme.

The compounds were tested at 30 nM and 30 nM, and the data are summarized in Table 3. Compounds which increased ChAT activity at least 120% of the control activity are considered active.

TABLE 3 Spinal Cord ChAT Activity ChAT Activity maximum efficacy Compound # % of Control (conc)  1   153 (30 nM)  2   149 (300 nM)  3   134 (300 nM)  4   183 (300 nM)  5   242 (300 nM)  6   149 (2000 nM)  7   186 (300 nM)  8   150 (300 nM)  9 <120  10   164 (300 nM)  11   236 (300 nM)  12   269 (300 nM)  13   271 (30 nM)  14   282 (300 nM)  16   159 (300 nM)  18   270 (300 nM)  19   228 (300 nM)  20   157 (300 nM)  21   249 (30 nM)  22   258 (100 nM)  23   233 (100 nM)  34 <120  41   204 (300 nM)  42a   151 (300 nM)  44 <120  47 <120  52 <120  54 <120  59   160 (300 nM)  62   235 (300 nM)  68   291 (300 nM)  70b   169 (300 nM)  70c   186 (300 nM)  71   193 (300 nM)  81   131 (300 nM)  87   294 (300 nM)  88   190 (300 nM)  91 <120  92   210 (300 nM)  94   152 (300 nM)  95   272 (300 nM) 116   231 (30 nM) 117   232 (30 nM) 118   249 (30 nM) 119   272 (30 nM) 120   257 (300 nM) 122   279 (300 nM) 139 <120 140   156 (300 nM) 142   223 (300 nM) 143   264 (300 nM) 145   129 (300 nM) 146   153 (300 nM) 148   206 (300 nM) 154   177 (300 nM) 155   197 (300 nM) 156   217 (300 nM)

Example 158 Basal Forebrain ChAT Activity Assay

Compounds of the invention were assessed for their ability to promote survival and increase in ChAT activity in basal forebrain cultures. ChAT activity in these cultures is a biochemical marker for the cholinergic neurons (less than 5% of the cells in culture), which represent the major cholinergic input to the hippocampal formation, olfactory nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, cortex, amygdala, and parts of the thalamus. Representative compounds of the invention not only increased ChAT activity but in addition increased general survival of neurons in basal forebrain cultures. The basal forebrain was dissected from embryonic day 17 or 18 rat embryos and the cells were dissected with Dispase™ (neutral protease, Collaborative Research). Neurons were plated at 5×10⁴ cells/well (1.5×10⁵ cells/cm²) in wells of 96-well plates previously coated with poly-1-ornithine and laminin. Cells were cultured in serum-free N₂ medium containing 0.05% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Bottenetein et al., supra) at 37° in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂/95% air. ChAT activity was measured in vitro at day six, using a modification of the Formum procedure (supra) according to McManaman et al. (supra) and Glicksman et al. (J. Neurochem. 61:210-221, 1993).

The compounds were tested at concentrations between 10 nM and 500 nM, and the data are summarized in Table 4. Compounds which increased ChAT activity at least 120% of the control activity are considered active.

TABLE 4 Basal Forebrain ChAT Activity ChAT Activity maximum efficacy Compound # % of Control (conc)  7 <120  8   144 (100 nM)  11   149 (250 nM)  12   184 (500 nM)  13   167 (100 nM)  14   229 (500 nM)  16   143 (100 nM)  18   148 (250 nM)  19   172 (100 nM)  20   176 (500 nM)  21   171 (50 nM)  22   174 (50 nM)  23   134 (50 nM)  34   145 (500 nM)  41 <120  42a   246 (250 nM)  42b   164 (250 nM)  44 <120  45 <120  46 <120  47 <120  48 <120  49 <120  52 <120  54   167 (250 nM)  59   131 (250 nM)  61   166 (50 nM)  62   202 (50 nM)  64   165 (250 nM)  68   290 (250 nM)  70a <120  70b   239 (250 nM  70c   203 (250 nM)  71   152 (250 nM)  73b   171 (250 nM)  73c   190 (250 nM)  75 <120  76 <120  77   132 (250 nM)  78 <120  79 <120  80 <120  81 <120  82   150 (250 nM)  83 <120  84 <120  87   262 (250 nM)  88 <120  89 <120  90 <120  91 <120  92   311 (250 nM)  93 <120  94   166 (250 nM)  95   239 (250 nM)  96 <120  99   136 (50 nM) 102   176 (50 nM) 103   154 (50 nM) 104 <120 105   136 (50 nM) 106   135 (250 nM) 107 <120 108 <120

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous changes and modifications may be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is therefore intended that the appended claims cover all equivalent variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Documents cited throughout this patent disclosure are hereby incorporate herein by reference. 

1. A compound of formula (I):

wherein: one of R¹ and R² is selected from the group consisting of: a) —CO(CH₂)_(j)R⁴, wherein j is 1 to 6, and R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of: 1) halogen; 2) —NR⁵R⁶, wherein R⁵ and R⁶ independently are hydrogen, substituted lower alkyl, unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted aralkyl, unsubstituted aralkyl, lower alkylaminocarbonyl, or lower alkoxycarbonyl; or R⁵ and R⁶ are combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperidino, morpholinyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, N-methylpiperazinyl, indolyl, and isoindolyl; 3) N₃; 4) —SR²⁷, wherein R²⁷ is selected from the group consisting of: i) hydrogen; ii) substituted lower alkyl; iii) unsubstituted lower alkyl; iv) substituted aryl; v) unsubstituted aryl; vi) substituted heteroaryl; vii) unsubstituted heteroaryl; viii) substituted aralkyl; ix) unsubstituted aralkyl; x) thiazolinyl; xi) —(CH₂)_(a)CO₂R²⁸, wherein a is 1 or 2, and R²⁸ is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen and lower alkyl; and xii) —(CH₂)_(a)CONR⁵R⁶; and 5) OR²⁹ (wherein R²⁹ is hydrogen, substituted lower alkyl, unsubstituted lower alkyl, or CO₂R³⁰ (wherein R³⁰ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl)); b) —CH(OH)(CH₂)_(b)R^(4A), wherein b is 1 to 6 and R^(4A) is hydrogen or the same as R⁴; c) —(CH₂)_(d)CHR³¹CO₂R³² wherein d is 0 to 5, R³¹ is hydrogen, —CONR⁵R⁶, or CO₂R³³ (wherein R³³ is hydrogen or lower alkyl), and R³² is hydrogen or lower alkyl; d) —(CH₂)_(d)CHR³¹CONR⁵R⁶; e) —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷, wherein k is 2 to 6, and R⁷ is halogen, CO₂R⁸ (wherein R⁸ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl), CONR⁵R⁶, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR⁹ (wherein R⁹ is hydrogen, substituted lower alkyl, unsubstituted lower alkyl, acyl, substituted aryl, or unsubstituted aryl), NR¹⁰R¹¹ (wherein R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are the same as R⁵ and R⁶) or N₃; f) —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹² wherein m is 0 to 4, and R¹² is hydrogen, lower alkyl, CO₂R^(8A) (wherein R^(8A) is the same as R⁸), —CONR⁵R⁶, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR^(9A) (wherein R^(9A) is the same as R⁹), or NR^(10A)R^(11A) (wherein R^(10A) and R^(11A) are the same as R⁵ and R⁶); g) —CH—C(CO₂R^(33A))₂, wherein R^(33A) is the same as R³³; h) —C≡C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³, wherein n is 0 to 4, and R¹³ is the same as R¹²; i) CH₂OR⁴⁴, wherein R⁴⁴ is substituted lower alkyl; and the other of R¹ or R² is selected from the group consisting of j) hydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, acyl, nitro, NR¹⁴R¹⁵ (wherein R¹⁴ or R¹⁵ is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl, acyl, carbamoyl, lower alkylaminocarbonyl, substituted arylaminocarbonyl or unsubstituted arylaminocarbonyl); k) —CH(SR³⁴), wherein R³⁴ is lower alkyl or alkylene; l) —CH₂R³⁵, wherein R³⁵ is OR³⁶ (wherein R³⁶ is tri-lower alkyl silyl in which the three lower alkyl groups are the same or different, or is the same as R²⁹), or SR³⁷ (wherein R³⁷ is the same as R²⁷); m) —CO(CH₂)_(q)R¹⁶, wherein q is 1 to 6, and R¹⁶ is the same as R⁴; n) —CH(OH)(CH₂)_(c)R³⁸, wherein e is 1 to 6, and R³⁸ is the same as R^(4A); o) —(CH₂)_(f)CHR³⁹CO₂R⁴⁰, wherein f is 0 to 5, R³⁹ is the same as R³¹ and R⁴⁰ is the same as R³²; p) —(CH₂)_(r)R¹⁷, wherein r is 2 to 6, and R¹⁷ is the same as R⁷; q) —CH═CH(CH₂)_(t)R¹⁸, wherein t is 0 to 4, and R¹⁸ is the same as R¹²; r) —CH═C(CO₂R^(33B))₂, wherein R^(33B) is the same as R³³; s) —C≡C(CH₂)_(u)R¹⁹, wherein u is 0 to 4, and R¹⁹ is the same as R¹³; R³ is hydrogen, acyl, or lower alkyl; X is selected from the group consisting of: a) hydrogen; b) formyl; c) lower alkoxycarbonyl; d) —CONR²¹R²¹, wherein: R²⁰ and R²¹ independently are: hydrogen; lower alkyl; —CH₂R²², wherein R²² is hydroxy, or —NR²³R²⁴ (wherein R²³ or R²⁴ is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or the residue of an α-amino acid in which the hydroxy group of the carboxyl group is excluded, wherein said α-amino acid is glycine, alanine, proline, glutamic acid, or lysine, or R²³ and R²⁴ are combined with the nitrogen atom to which they: are attached to form a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperidino, morpholinyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, N-methylpiperazinyl, indolyl, and isoindolyl); and e) —CH═N—R²⁵, wherein R²⁵ is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, guanidino, or imidazolylamino; Y is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, aralkyloxy, or acyloxy; or X and Y combined represent, —X—Y—, ═O, —CH₂O(C═O)O—, —CH₂C(═S)O—, —CH₂NR²⁶C(═O)— (wherein R²⁶ is hydrogen or lower alkyl), —CH₂NHC(═S)O—, —CH₂OS(═O)O—, or —CH₂OC(CH₃)₂O—; and W¹ and W² are hydrogen, or W¹ and W² together represent oxygen; wherein said substituted aryl, said substituted heteroaryl, said substituted aralkyl, or said substituted arylaminocarbonyl comprises 1 to 3 independent substitutions selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, carboxyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, amino, mono-lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, and halo; wherein said substituted lower alkyl, said lower alkoxy, said substituted lower alkoxycarbonyl, and mono-lower alkylamino or di-lower alkylamino comprises 1 to 3 independent substitutions selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy, carboxyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, amino, mono-lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, dioxolane, dioxane, dithiolane, and dithione; wherein said heteroaryl is pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoimidazolyl, thiazolyl or benzothiazolyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein: a) one of R¹ and R² is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)_(k)R⁷, CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹², —C≡C(CH₂)_(n)R¹³, —CO(CH₂)_(j)SR²⁷ and —CH₂OR⁴⁴, wherein R⁴⁴ is methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, or methoxyethyl; and the other of R¹ and R² is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)_(R)R¹⁷, —CH═CH(CH₂)_(m)R¹⁸, —C═C(CH₂)_(u)R¹⁹, NR¹⁴R¹⁵, hydrogen, halogen, nitro, —CH₂O, substituted lower alkyl, unsubstituted lower alkyl, —CO(CH₂)_(q)SR²⁷, —CH₂R³⁵, wherein R³⁵ is OR³⁶, and —CH₂SR³⁷, wherein R³⁷ is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, pyridyl, and benzimidazole; b) k and r are each 2, 3, or 4; c) j and q are each 1 or 2; d) R⁷ and R¹⁷ are: 1) selected independently from the group consisting of: phenyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, or tetrazolyl; or 2) selected pairwise, from the group consisting of: i) —CO₂R⁸ and CO₂R^(8A), where R⁸ and R^(8A), independently, are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or phenyl; ii) —OR⁹ and —OR^(9A), where R⁹ and R^(9A), independently, are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or acyl; iii) —SR^(27B), where R^(27B) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted lower alkyl, 2-thiazoline, and pyridyl; and iv) —NR¹⁰R¹¹ and —NR¹⁴R¹⁵, where R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹⁴, and R¹⁵, independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, carbamoyl, and lower alkylaminocarbonyl; e) R²⁷ is selected from the group consisting of substituted lower alkyl, unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted phenyl, unsubstituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazole, and tetrazole; f) R³⁶ is selected from the group consisting of methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, and methoxyethyl; g) m, n, t and u each is 0 or 1; and h) R¹², R¹³, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl ethyl, phenyl, pyridyl, imidazole, thiazole, tetrazole, —CO₂R⁸, —OR⁹, and NR¹⁰R¹¹, wherein R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ each is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or phenyl.
 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein R³ is hydrogen or acetyl, X is hydroxymethyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl, Y is hydroxy or acetyloxy, and W¹ and W² are hydrogen.
 4. The compound of claim 3, wherein X is methoxycarbonyl, Y is hydroxy, and R³ is hydrogen.
 5. The compound of claim 3 wherein: one of R¹ and R² is selected from the group consisting of methoxycarbonylvinyl, ethoxycarbonylvinyl, styryl, 2-pyridylvinyl, 4-pyridylvinyl, 2-pyridylethyl, 4-pyridylethyl, phenylethyl, methoxypropynyl, hydroxypropynyl, —COCH₂SEt, —C≡CCH₂NMeBn, —CH═CHEt, —(CH₂)₂SMe, —(CH₂)₂S-2-thiazoline, —(CH₂)₃SMe, —CH═CH-2-imidazole, (CH₂)₂OC(═O)H, methoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxymethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, and 2-hydroxyethyl; and the other of R¹ and R² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, methoxycarbonylvinyl, ethoxycarbonylvinyl, styryl, 2-pyridylvinyl, 4-pyridylvinyl, 2-pyridylethyl, 4-pyridylethyl, phenylethyl, nitro, amino, N-ethylurea, methoxypropynyl, hydroxypropynyl, —COCH₂SEt, —C≡CCH₂NMeBn, —CH—CHEt, —(CH₂)₂SMe, —(CH₂)₂S-2-thiazoline, —(CH₂)₃SMe, —CH₂OMe, —CH₂OEt, —CH₂SEt, pyridylthiomethyl, —CH₂S-2-benzimidazole, —CH═CHEt, —CH═CH-2-imidazole, —(CH₂)₂C(═O)H, methoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxymethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, and 2-hydroxyethyl. 